探析中美贸易逆差的原因及影响

近年来,随着中美经贸关系的日益紧密,分析不断扩大的美中贸易逆差具有十分重要的意义.本文主要研究了美中贸易逆差的原因和影响,结构安排如下:首先交代了研究背景,通过一些数据介绍了美中贸易逆差的现状,指出研究此问题的必要性.第二部分,分别采用国际收支平衡原理和要素禀赋定理两种方法进行分析,得出美国的国内政策是造成美国经常项目赤字的主要原因的结论,同时指出了一些流行说法的纰漏之处.可以看到,在全球储蓄结构巨大失衡的情况下,单单通过削减美国财政赤字或通过人民币升值,都不能解决巨额美中贸易逆差.这一问题的解决需要中美双方的政策协调.

The Analysis of the U.S-China Trade Imbalance and Its Benefits

U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past ten years, the significance of recognizing the forces behind the trade imbalance is looming larger as well. This paper first provides an overview of the trends of Sino-"U.S. bilateral trade and the different views on the U.S.-China trade imbalance. Behind the growing bilateral trade imbalance, different people argue on different grounds. The U.S. argues that its trade deficit with China is caused by China's lack of market access, lack of policy transparency, human rights violation and currency manipulation. While China argues that the bilateral trade deficit is not as serious as the U.S. described because of statistical difference; that statistics based on Rules of Origin cannot reflect the situation of Sino-U.S. trade balance and that U.S. export control against China is a major obstacle for bilateral trade balance. Some of the arguments are unconvincing after further analysis, while some of them have made contributions in certain extant in solving the puzzle. Then we take a closer look at the trade deficit by including both a discussion of the comparative advantage and macroeconomic approaches to the deficit. At last, we make benefit analysis for both governments.