商业银行绩效、效率与市场结构——基于中国1994～2005年的面板数据

本文应用随机边界方法(SFA)测度了中国16家全国性商业银行的X效率和规模效率,并在此基础上针对其经营绩效与市场结构间关系的几种经验假说进行了检验。统计结果显示,样本期内各商业银行的效率情况总体上均不断改善,其中股份制银行的X效率水平普遍高于国有银行,但在减速递增的过程中差距在不断缩小;另一方面,国有银行在规模经济上具有显著优势,并且2002年以来优势还在进一步扩大;最后,关于银行绩效与市场结构关系的四个主要经验假说在中国银行业市场均不适用,中国商业银行部门的成本控制优势在迅速扩大业务规模的过程中并未有效地转化为盈利能力的提高。

Performance,Efficiency and Market Structure of Commercial Bank

In this paper,using stochastic frontier approach,the X efficiency and scale efficiency level of 16 Chinese commercial banks from 1994 to 2005 are investigated. Moreover,some empirical hypotheses on the relationship between bank performance and market structure are tested. The statistic result showed that efficiencies of all banks were improved in the sample period,and X efficiency of joint-stock commercial banks were higher than those of state-owned banks,while the gap is narrowing; On the other hand,there exist an obvious predominance of scale economy for the state-owned banks,and this gap is broadening since 2002; Finally,the four hypotheses on the relationship between bank performance and market structure gain no supports from Chinese banking sector,where the advantage of cost control isn't transformed into boosting ROA or ROE successfully.