从“互助”到“互惠”:经济欠发达农村地区老年照料的出路

作为我国传统的老年照料模式,家庭照料在欠发达农村地区正受到“少子化”和人口流动的冲击。与此同时,受制于“欠发达”的经济社会环境,福利照料模式和市场照料模式发育不良。一些地方尝试的“互助养老”“时间银行”等模式往往存在“避重就轻”“避实就虚”或可持续性差的问题。对此,本文提出,在欠发达农村地区发展类市场性质的“互惠养老”模式。该模式的主要参与者包括政府,村民自治组织,提供养老服务的村民,接受养老服务的失能、半失能老人及其家人;参与各方因各有所“图”而结合,各有所“为”而促进机制可持续运行,最终达到各有所“获”的制度目标。

From"Mutual Aid"to"Mutual Benefit":the Way Out for the Elderly Care in the Underdeveloped Rural Areas

As a traditional way for old-age care in rural China,family care is under the impact of fewer children and out-migration in underdeveloped areas.At the same time,restricted by the"underdeveloped"economic and social environment,the social welfare and market-based care are also underdeveloped.The"mutual aid"between the elderly for old-age care and"time bank"tried in some places have been avoiding the important and dwelling on the trivial.Therefore,this paper puts forward the old-age care mode of"mutual benefit"with the nature of"market-like"in the underdeveloped rural areas.The main participants in the mode of"mutual benefit"include government,the villagers'autonomous organization,services providers,the disabled elderly and their families.All parties involved with purpose should devote their efforts for their own objectives,so that the sustainable mechanism could be developed.