社会保障对收入分配差距的调节效应——基于陕西省宝鸡市住户调查数据的实证研究

社会保障具有重要的收入再分配功能,在很多国家社会保障都是调节居民收入分配差距最重要的手段。本文对陕西省宝鸡市住户调查数据的实证研究表明,社会保障转移性收入缩小了居民收入分配差距,使城乡居民收入的基尼系数下降了4.5%,其中城镇居民基尼系数下降22.8%,农村居民基尼系数下降1.82%。但由于农村居民获得的社会保障转移性收入远远低于城镇居民,从而导致城乡收入差距上升23.17%。为抑制收入分配差距的进一步扩大,中国应重视社会保障对收入分配的调节作用,进一步增加社会保障的财政投入。尤其要加大对农村社会保障的财政投入,尽快扭转社会保障对城乡收入差距的逆向调节。

The Inequality Reduction Effects of Social Security on Income Disparity --An Empirical Study Based on the Household Survey Data of Baoji

Social security plays a very important role in the redistribution of resident income. In many countries, social security is the most important method to reduce the income inequality. Using the household survey data collected in Baoji, this paper finds that social security system has narrowed the income disparity among the residents. After the income transfer of social security, the Gini coefficient of all the residents declines 4.5%, with urban residents and rural residents 22.8% and 1.82%, respectively. But because rural residents get much less social security benefits than their urban counterparts, which leads to the urban-rural income gap rise by 23.17%. To curb the expanding income disparity, China should pay more attention to the reduction effects of social security on income inequality. More government fiscal input is needed to enhance the social security development. China also should allocate more share of it public expenditure to rural social security, so that to offset the reverse redistribution effects of social security between rural and urban people.