新形势下基本养老保险城乡一体化路径初探

研究城乡基本养老保险制度的一体化有助于从社会保障待遇层面缩小城乡差距。当今形式下的基本养老保险政策正向着一体化的方向发展。本文着重从理论与实际两个方面分析当前中国基本养老保险制度的现状与问题,以国内养老保险有特色地区的养老保险模式为视角,总结基本养老保险制度合轨的困境所在。在解决困境的基础上,结合各地区养老保险特色,提出基本养老保险制度合轨的政策建议:提出公式"个人负担指数"=个人收入结余*M%/当地人均可支配收入,通过计算出可承受的缴费负担,来选定缴费档次,从而确定可选择的标准档次;通过增加基金投资种类,选取适当的基金投资组合方式来完善养老保险基金机制;建立统一专门的养老保险监管机构,并逐步建立并实施养老保险网上管理;通过推行"社保卡",建立"人手一户"的社会保障账户,来扩大基本养老保险适用的人群。通过这四方面的制度设计来逐步实现新农保、城镇居民基本养老保险与职工基本养老保险在制度上的合轨,从而实现真正意义上的城乡居民养老保险的全覆盖。

The Study of Basic Pension Insurance＇s Integration for a Mode Apply to Both Urban and Rural

Public attention upon China’s social security research kept going up along with the rapid growing of Chinese economy.While the coverage of China’s basic pension insurance is spreading steadily.Research on the integration of rural and urban basic pension system could contribute to narrow the gap between rural and urban social security system.Currently,integration of rural and urban basic pension insurance is a general trend of the development of the pension system.This thesis analyses China’s basic pension insurance system’s current situation and problems from theoretical and practical aspects.Looking for the difficulties of the integration based on the research of some typical regions.Eventually this thesis will propose propositions aimed to solve these problems.It will propose,＂personally bear index＂= personal income balance ＊ M% / local per capita disposable income.To pick payment level based on the capability the calculated;Perfect the pension fund system by enriching method of the fund investment;Establish regulatory authority and complete the online management of pension insurance;Spread the social security card system and establish social security account for every citizen in order to enlarge the coverage.The integration of rural basic pension insurance,urban basic pension insurance and workers basic pension insurance could be realized by practice the above method.And eventually realize the full coverage of rural and urban basic pension insurance.