拉丁美洲养老保险改革及其对中国的启示

自20世纪80年代起拉丁美洲国家对养老保险制度进行改革,将养老保险由国家公共管理改革为私有化运营或多种模式并存的方式。拉丁美洲国家作为发展中国家,其背景、社会条件和经济实力与中国类似,可以作为中国养老保险改革的参照样板;其多样化的改革方式及复杂的改革背景可以作为实践案例对中国的养老保险改革提供参考,对中国正在进行的养老保险改革和新模式创立提供借鉴。本文从国际化的视角选取拉美国家进行案例研究,通过比较分析其各自改革的手段和效果,结合中国的实际情况进行分析借鉴;尤其针对在加速城市化背景下中国长期二元社会突显的大批城乡移民养老保险问题,根据拉美私营化改革结果,借鉴吸收其经验教训,创新性提出中国城乡移民养老保险多元化的经营模式。

Pension Reform in Latin America and its Enlightenment to China

Since 1980s,Latin American countries have reformed their pension systems,transformed the pension insurance from the public management to the private operation or the coexistence of a variety of modes. Latin American countries also as developing countries have similar background,social conditions and economic strengthens and weaknesses with China,the diversification of their reform approaches and complex backgrounds could provide China the labors with different test cases as the references,for the ongoing Chinese pension reform and creation of a new Pension model. This article has tried to analyzed the pension reforms with selected Latin American countries as case study. Means and effects of their reforms can be as the reference models for Chinaˊs pension reform,combined with Chinaˊs actual situation. This article has drawn lessons from their reform in order to avoid the failures in China;especially for the large number of rural -urban immigrants’endowment insurance problems, induced by the long-term binary social system under the accelerated urbanization in China,according to the Latin American pension privatization reforms ’ experiences and lessons,this article has innovatively proposed multi -models pension insurance for such rural-urban migrant people.