我国农村养老保障事业发展的历程、现状与政策取向研究——基于制度分析的视角

老年人是社会的弱势群体，对这一弱势群体给予特定制度安排，来保障他们的基本生活权益，是国家与社会的基本责任。建国以来，我国农村养老保障除农业合作化和人民公社时期外，一直是土地保障和家庭保障占主导地位。当前，由于我国农村经济转换和社会变革进程加快，农村老年人社会保障制度建设明显滞后于经济社会发展速度，难以满足日益增长的养老需求，导致制度处于非均衡状态。本文在总结分析传统农村养老保障制度建设情况，借鉴国外经验的基础上，提出从“厘定职责，强化政府在农村养老保障体系建设中的主导作用”“立足实际，大力推进居家养老和社区养老”“着眼长远，构建多层次、广覆盖、可衔接的农村养老保障制度体系”三方面入手构建我国农村养老保障体系。

Study on the Developing Stages,Current Situation and Policy Orientation of the Rural Old-age Social Security in China

The elderly are minority community in society. Rendering them the specific institutions to guarantee their living rights, is the basic responsibility of state and society. Since the founding of the People＇s Republic, China＇s rural old - age social security were mainly land guarantees and family protection. At present, due to China＇s rural economic transformation and social change accelerating, the rural old -age social guarantee system has lagged far behind the pace of economic and social development, resulting in the system in non - equilibrium. In this essay,based on analyzing the traditional rural old - age security system and learning from experiences of foreign countries, proposed the following measures of building rural old - age guarantee system： Firstly, the government should play the main role in the system; secondly, step up our efforts to promote home - based care and community - based care for the aged; to be far - sighted, building a multi - level,widely - covered old - age security system in rural areas.