论反倾销中的替代国制度及我国的法律对策

替代国制度作为反倾销调查中针对“非市场经济”国家出口产品计算“正常价值”的一种特殊方法，其合法性被WTO规则所确认。该制度存在理论基础界定不明，实践中被进口国滥用等缺陷，宜从明确非市场经济国家标准、限制替代国适用等方面进行完善。中国作为替代国制度滥用的最大受害国之一，在国际层面，应正确解读《中国入世议定书》第15条、运用WTO争端解决机制、积极签署多边或双边协定、警惕“特殊市场状况”条款、采取适度合理的贸易保护反制措施等，在国内层面，应进一步推动市场化改革、完善反倾销法、建立反倾销调查预警机制、主动提供替代国等，统筹考量、综合权衡、精准对策，充分依据既有国际贸易规则，以期切实维护国家和企业在国际贸易中的合法权益。

On the System of Surrogate Country in Anti-dumping and the Legal Countermeasures of Our Country

As a special method to calculate the "normal value" of the "non market economy" national export products in the anti-dumping investigation, the legitimacy of the surrogate country system is confirmed by the WTO rules. There are some defects in the system, such as unclear definition of theoretical basis, abuse by importing countries in practice, and so on. At the international level, China, as the biggest victim of the abuse of the surrogate country''s system, should correctly interpret Article 15 of the protocol on China''s accession to the WTO, use the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, actively sign multilateral or bilateral agreements, be alert to the "special market conditions" clause, and take appropriate and reasonable trade protection and anti-dumping measures. At the domestic level, we should further promote the market-oriented reform and improve anti-dumping Law, establish an early warning mechanism for anti-dumping investigation, actively provide surrogate countries, etc, make overall consideration, comprehensive weighing and precise countermeasures, fully based on the existing international trade rules, in order to effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of state and enterprises in international trade.