财政分权、社会保障支出与城乡居民收入差距的实证分析

基于1998～2012年各省的面板数据,利用动态广义矩(GMM)和面板门槛模型实证分析财政分权、社会保障支出对城乡收入差距的影响,结果显示:由于中国城乡二元经济的特殊性,财政分权、人均社会保障支出与城乡居民收入差距均成正相关性.但社会保障支出对城乡收入差距的影响存在基于财政分权的双门槛效应,当财政分权水平较低时,社会保障支出的增加加剧了城乡收入差距;当财政分权高于一定水平时,社会保障支出有助于缩小城乡收入差距.

An Empirical Study of Fiscal Decentralization, Social Security Expenditure and Urban-Rural Income Gap

Based on provincial panel data from 1998 to 2012, this paper uses the Generalized Method of Moments and the Threshold Model to analyze the effect of social security expenditure, fiscal decentralization on the urban-rural income gap. The study shows that, due to the particularities of Chinese dual structure in urban and rural economy, there are positive correlations between the social security expenditure, the fiscal decentralization with urban-rural income gap. But, there is double threshold effects that the security expenditure has on the urban-rural income gap, based on the fiscal decentralization. When the fiscal decentralization is at low level, social security expenditure aggravates the urban-rural income gap; when the fiscal decentralization is above a certain level, social security expenditure can narrow the urban-rural income gap.