论保险合同之射幸性——兼评保险合同免责条款的正当性

射幸合同具有双务性、履行的不确定性和对价的不均衡性等特点.作为典型的射幸合同,保险合同具有射幸舍同的基本特征,但又与其它射幸合同有一定的区别.保险合同的射幸性是引发保险合同道德风险的原因之一,而免责条款则是避免道德风险的制度保障,有其天然的合理性.我国<保险法>第18条有关"免责条款效力"的规定从一定程度上忽视了免责条款的正当性,应当予以修正.

Aleatory Feature of Insurance Contract and the Justification of Exclusion Clauses

Mutual obligatory, uncertainty of performance and imbalance of consideration are inherent features of aleatory contracts. _As a kind of aleatory contracts, insurance contracts share the fundamental features of all aleatory contracts and keep some special features as well. The aleatory feature of insurance contracts is one of the reasons that result in moral hazards, while the exclusion clauses are arranged as reasonable regime to exempt the moral hazard. With its ignorance of the full validity of exclusion clauses, the article 18 of the Insurance Law of China is needed to be amended.