边境旅游阻滞效应测度及治理启示——以云南省为例

边境旅游具有集聚、扩散、阻滞三大效应,阻滞效应测度既是边境旅游研究的基础,也是促进边境旅游高质量发展的决策参考。本文以云南省为例,基于边境旅游系统视角,运用重力模型对阻滞效应进行了测度。分析表明：（1）边境旅游存在阻滞效应,阻滞效应系数在基础重力模型下为4.388,在扩展重力模型下为4.326,阻滞强度在以往研究中存在被夸大的可能;（2）政策优势对边境旅游具有较强支持作用,境内外GDP及旅游资源次之;（3）空间距离对边境旅游具有阻碍作用,时空压缩背景下需关注旅游者跨越功能距离。国家边界既有维护边境安全、领土主权的传统功能,也有促进经济交往、文化交流的现实需要,因此应科学对待边境旅游阻滞效应,“相机而动,开合有度”,着重从提升旅游者认知、打造边境旅游吸引物、寻求交通升级与政策支持等方面加强边境旅游治理,深化相关学术研究,以促进边境旅游高质量发展。

The measurement of retarding effect of border tourism and its managerial significance: A case study of Yunnan Province

Agglomeration, diffusion and retardation are the three effects generated by border tourism. The measurement of retardation effect not only serves as the basis of border tourism research, but also contributes to decision-making for promoting high-quality development of border tourism. Taking Yunnan Province as an example, this paper adopts gravity model to measure the retarding effect from the perspective of border tourism system. The results show that: (1) retarding effect exists in border tourism, and the retarding effect coefficient is 4.388 under the basic gravity model and 4.326 under the extended gravity model. The retarding effect might be exaggerated in previous studies. (2) Policy advantages have a strong supporting effect on border tourism, followed by domestic and foreign GDP and tourism resources. (3) Spatial distance has a hindering effect on border tourism. In the context of spatiotemporal compression, attention should be paid to tourists’ crossing functional distance. A national border not only acts the traditional function of border security and territorial sovereignty, but also has the realistic need of economic and cultural exchange, so the retarding effect of border tourism should be addressed scientifically, “opening or closing border accordingly”. In order to promote the high-quality development of border tourism, border tourism governance should be strenghened from the aspects of enhancing tourists' awareness, creating border attractions, pursuing transportation improvement and policy support, and advancing academic research.