中国旅游业发展的省区差异及变化

科学审视省区旅游业发展的差异,是实现中国旅游业科学发展的基本前提.文章通过选取国内旅游人数、入境旅游人数、国内旅游收入、旅游外汇收入、旅游总收入相当于GDP百分比、旅游业就业人数占社会总就业人数的百分比等表征旅游业发展水平的6大统计指标,运用多元统计分析方法,评估了中国2000年与2010年旅游化指数的省区差异,发现近10年来中国旅游业发展仍然呈现出显著的区域非均衡性,一些中西部后发优势的省区旅游化程度在明显上升.其中,区位与资源禀赋、经济发展水平、政府政策、基础设施、节庆事件等是导致各地旅游化程度差异及其变化的主导因素.

The Differences and Changes of Provincial Tourism Development in China

In China,tourism has been positioned as the strategic pillar service industry with its goal of satisfying both Chinese citizens as domestic travelers and incoming visitors.The higher status of national welfare and citizens’ livelihood of tourism specifies the direction of provincial tourism development.Each province develops the active effect of the comparative advantages of the location and tourism resources which further promotes the typical trend of non-equilibrium or regional tourism development in China.Reviewing the differences of provincial tourism development and examining the provincial distribution laws of tourism development in China scientifically are the prerequisite for the scientific development of China’s tourism.In addition,there are important policy value and practical significance to promote regional co-ordination and harmony through tourism development. In practice,the level of tourism development emerges along with the process of industrialization,urbanization and informationization.It is a complex process which includes the transition of industrial structure(the industry of leisure and tourism has become the pillar industry),the transformation of lifestyle(outdoor activities or vacation travel have become an important part of life) and the recreation of the ecological environment and the heritages of the three civilizations(material civilization,spiritual civilization and ecological civilization).Tourism development is also an important symbol of a national or local post-industrial and post-urbanization.To a certain extent,the differences of the provincial tourism development reflect the level of provincial touristization.This paper selected six indicators of "the number of internal tourist,the number of inbound tourist,internal tourism income,foreign exchange income,the percentage of the total tourism income accounted for the GDP,the percent of the tourism employment accounted for the total employment in the community ",selected the marked years of 2000 and 2010 which have a span of a decade,chose the Chinese mainland’s 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions(not including Hong Kong SAR,Macao SAR and Taiwan because of the special nature of the statistical system) for the area sample unit,set up the six indicators’ original data of 31 provinces,used multi-index statistic method to deal with the original dates,calculated the index of provincial touristization in 2000 and 2010,and then analyzed the differences and changes of the provincial tourism development. The result showed that in the new millennium’s first 10 years,there are significant changes of the provincial tourism development.On the whole,the provincial tourism development has increased significantly over the past decade,especially for some central and western provinces,the index of touristization increased significantly,but the regional disequilibrium of the tourism development in China is still obvious;there is still a significant gap of tourism development among provinces.Overall,the level of tourism development of the southeast coast is higher than that of the northwest inland.The level of tourism development is the combined result of many factors,location and resource,the level of economic development,tourism policy,and infrastructure.Festivals and events are the dominant factors which lead to the difference and changes of the provincial tourism development in China.Based on the five factors,this paper also analyzed how they affect provincial tourism development in China.