再论三峡库区旅游地空间的变动与重构——对《论三峡库区旅游地空间的变动与重构》的检验与发展

文章在梳理总结现有三峡旅游地空间结构研究的基础上,以2003～ 2009年三峡旅游地15区县的国内游客数和国内旅游收入数据为基础,运用位序—规模律对空间结构的变动进行了量化研究.文章发现,三峡旅游地总体上已经从空间极化阶段向均衡阶段转变,旅游产品变化、旅游交通完善和政府主导的跨区旅游企业整合等是影响空间重构的主要因素,并还将持续发挥影响.目前三峡旅游地已经形成了以万州和宜昌(夷陵—秭归)为组织核心,东段以三峡大坝—巫山—奉节为主要旅游吸引物,长江主航道、沪蓉、沪渝高速为主要轴线的旅游空间结构,但西段旅游组团的核心由丰都转为武隆,更多地表现为重庆都市圈旅游的特点,旅游空间结构的“东西分化”趋势明显；并有沿大宁河、神农溪等跨区旅游合作轴线向神农架和恩施州南北扩张的趋势.

A Revisit of Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area:Testing and Development of the Study on Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The thesis,Study on Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,which was published in Tourism Tribune in 2004,did a comprehensive qualitative research and forecasted the trend of spatial development of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.It is found that for a world class tourism destination,the Three Gorges Dam,the changes of tourism resources and the spatial accessibility which is caused by the raised water level,as well as the regional spatial differentiation would lead to the reconstruction of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area tourism space.It is also found that the Three Gorges Reservoir Area tourism spatial alteration and reconstruction would present four modes:"One axis" paradigm shift to "dual core"(Chongqing,Yichang) mode,amphibious differentiation mode,space plunder and the "back edge" mode,and the space expansion mode.The subsequent studies further conclude the structure as "dual core,three-axis,three regions,and four development areas".On the basis of the above study and the tourism spatial studies of the Three Gorges reservoir area,this paper analyzes the tourism spatial structure by the Rank-Size Rule based on the tourism income data from the related 15 counties from 2003 to 2009 to inspect and correct the above conclusions.The study found that the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was in the intermediate stage of development to the rank-size system in general,and was becoming more equilibrium in recent years;the endogenous growth momentum has also begun to increase.During this period,the change of tourism spatial structure was as follows:from binary tourism spatial structure which is "the along-river counties-the non-along-river counties",from "the non-along-river counties" to "the core-edge countries",and then to "the along-river counties-the non-along-river counties". Currently,the tourism space of Three Gorges Reservoir Area presents the following structure:the core organizations were Wanzhou and Yichang(Yiling-Zigui),the main axis were Yangtze River,Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway and Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway,and the main tourist attractions of the eastern section were Three Gorges Dam-Wushan-Fengjie,but the core tourism organization of the western section has shifted from Fengdu to Wulong,which is more likely to belong to Chongqing Metropolitan Reservoir Area than Three Gorges Reservoir Area.The tourism spatial structure was evident of something differentiation from eastern section to western section;and began to expand to Shennongjia and Enshi Prefecture along the Daning River,Shennong Stream and other trans-regional cooperation axis.These spatial structural changes were mainly affected by the evolution of tourism products,the improvement of tourist traffic and the impact of government-led trans-regional tourism enterprise integration.Compared to the earlier conclusions,the differences from this study lie in:the rapid development of Chongqing’s tourism products such as business travel,convention and exhibition tourism,vacation and other travel products since Chongqing became a municipality,and the status of Wulong karst as a World Heritage was the main reason of the differentiation of Three Gorges Tourism Space,more than the impact of the Three Gorges Project on the regional tourism resources and tourism products.Nonetheless,the impact of the government-led trans-regional tourism enterprises integration on the spatial structure of the tourists should be further examined,yet it cannot be concluded that this integration will lead to further spatial polarization.