旅游景区分布约束下的四川旅游流齐夫(Zipf)结构发育特征

本文以四川省为例,首先分析了国家级旅游景区系统的空间扩张形态变化,结果显示该系统的空间扩张不是普通的均衡扩张,而是呈某种自相似特征的向外蔓延,其空间分布具有明显的分形性质.基于此,提出借用分形理论研究旅游景区系统空间分布结构的设想.受旅游景区的分布约束,利用与分形模型相关的齐夫(Zipf)定律研究旅游流的位序-规模结构,得到旅游流的地区规模分布服从齐夫(Zipf)法则,其演化发展经历了局部分形-单分形-退化为局部分形-双分形的过程,空间分布形态则由Pareto分布模式向对数正态分布模式转变.通过比较分析景区系统空间分形和旅游流齐夫(Zipf)结构的发生、发展变化过程,得到两者之间是相互影响的,说明旅游景区的分形演化对旅游流齐夫(Zipf)结构的形成及发育有重要的促进作用,两种结构的变化过程具有总体趋势的一致性,但在具体演化路径方面有不同步性,这主要源于除景区以外的其他要素干扰所造成.

Zipf Structure Development of Tourist Flow Based on the Distribution of Scenic Spots of Sichuan Province

Firstly,the paper analyzes the characters of the distribution of scenic spot system,and concludes that the spatial expansion of scenic spot system is not an ordinary balanced expansion,but an expansion of self-similarity with a fractal character of its spatial distribution.Based on the Zipf principle,the paper analyzes the structure of \!Rank-Scale\" distribution restricted by the distribution of scenic spot system,and shows that the regional scale distribution of tourist flow is obeyed to the Zipf principle and its evolvement experiences the process of partial fractal-single fractal-regressive partial fractal-double partial fractal with its spatial distribution structure transformed from Pareto pattern to Logistic Normal Distribution pattern.Based on the comparative analysis of the producing and developing process between the spatial fractal of scenic spot system and its Zipf structure of tourist flow,the paper concludes that both factors are influenced by each other.As a very important role,the growth and regression of the fractal of scenic spot system can promote or restrict the process of forming and developing the Zipf quantity structure of tourist flow.Both involvement process of structure has the coherent developing trend,but loss of synchronization in each involvement path is mainly decided by other factors.