境外残障旅游与无障碍旅游研究进展与启示

文章围绕残障与旅游、残障旅游市场需求、残障旅游市场供给和无障碍旅游4大研究主题8个研究细类,梳理残障旅游境外研究状况。境外研究总体态势是以残障群体旅游需求为研究重点,围绕残障群体的旅游特点、动机、需求、偏好、决策、体验和出行障碍作诸多有益探索;同时基于残障群体的旅游需求特性,从旅行社、航空运输、住宿、景区4大旅游产业角度,针对性研究解决残障人群出行和旅游参与障碍、提供合理旅游产品和服务的思路和方法。文章最后评述了境外研究的思路、方法与不足,并从研究方法、研究团队构成和近期可以开展的研究领域对国内学者提出建议。

Tourism of People with Disability and Accessible Tourism:A Research Progress and Enlightenment Based on Oversea Studies

Paying more attention to research on tourism activities of people with disability and accessibility tourism satisfies the need of the development of such a market in China;it can also open the dialogue to the forefront of international research community and thus advocate the responsibilities of researchers in social justice and equality. Based on the analysis on 112 articles, this review study classified 4 research themes with 8 sub topics;the 4 themes are disability and tourism, market needs of disabled tourists, disability tourism supplies and accessibility tourism. The study reports to the research community the development of accessibility tourism as new international research field. The generate state shows that there is a focus on disabled people’s tourism needs and studies explored motivations,demands, preferences, decision-marking, experience and travel barriers around the tourism characteristics of tourists with disability. At the same time, based on the tourism demand features of this market, studies also examined constraints of disabled people’s travel and tourism participation, and presented ideas and methods of developing suitable tourism products and services from the perspectives of tour operation, air transport, accommodation and attraction. Totally, in the research field of disability tourism and accessible tourism, qualitative research methods are mostly adopted by researchers. On the one hand, in the study that takes the disabled population as the direct object adopts qualitative analysis,such as the effect of tourism and the tourism experience of the disabled tourists, and the travel barriers of different people with disabilities. The specific qualitative analysis methods include structured/semistructured interviews, focus groups, observational methods, telephone interviews with key information or even theoretical paradigms such as phenomenology and ethnography. On the other hand, quantitative analysis or mixed research methods are mainly conducted in the field of the whole disability tourism market, disability tourism supplies and accessible tourism. Specifically, adopting common research methods, such as questionnaire survey(according to the method of distribution, e-mail, mail and selffilling, non-random and random according to sampling method), experimental method, spatial analysis,web software Bobby analysis, and so on. However, some limitations exist in current research, the research sample is small due to the difficulty of the study, the study object is relatively single, mainly focusing on physical disability of people, and oriental countries such as China, Japan, India and South Korea are absent in research area. To benefit the forefront studies in this field in China, it is recommended to use mixed methods and pay attention to some important practical research questions of disability tourism and accessibility tourism.