中国酒店业能源消耗水平与低碳化经营路径分析

低碳旅游是在低碳经济背景下旅游管理研究的热点问题。旅游业虽然被认为是低碳经济的一个重要组成部分,但关于旅游业的能源消耗水平研究一直缺乏定量研究成果。文章以中国酒店业为例,采用投入产出分析方法,对中国酒店业的能源消耗水平进行了定量分析。研究表明,中国酒店业每万元的总产出需要消耗330.99千克标准煤。通过产业部门间的比较研究,发现中国酒店业整体仍然处于高耗能阶段,酒店业在节能减排以及发展低碳经济方面还不具有比较优势;通过比较研究,发现中国酒店业能源消耗水平与部分发达国家相比,还存在很大差距;通过与本地居民能源消耗水平的比较,发现酒店住客的日常能源消耗量远远高于城市居民日常生活的能源消耗量。最后,针对中国酒店业在能源消耗方面存在的问题,提出了中国酒店业低碳化经营的发展路径。

Analysis of Energy Consumption Level and Approaches to Low-carbon Management in Lodging Industry of China

Saving energy,reducing emission and developing low-carbon economy are the main themes of world economic development in the 21st century.Tourism industry has been always considered as an important component of low-carbon economy,and low-carbon tourism has also become a hot topic of tourism management research in recent years.In tourism industry,lodging sector occupies an important position,while it is also a main emission source of greenhouse gases.Therefore,how to decrease the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the lodging sector is very significant to promoting energy saving and emission reduction in the tourism industry.However,to date,researches on energy consumption of lodging industry have still been concentrated on case studies with their results mostly based on surveys to individual hotels.Little attention has been paid to quantitative study on general level of energy consumption of the lodging industry. Taking China lodging industry as an example,with the method of input-output analysis,this paper attempts to make a quantitative analysis on the energy consumption level of lodging industry in China.According to the 2007 China Input-Output Tables,the energy consumption coefficients of five kinds of energy(i.e.,raw coal,natural gas,diesel,liquefied petroleum gas and electricity) were measured respectively and converted to the standard coal consumption per unit output value,which reflects the energy consumption level of lodging industry in China.By comparing with other domestic sectors,the relative advantage and development potential in terms of energy saving and emission reduction of China lodging industry is evaluated.By measuring the energy consumption index of China lodging industry,as well as comparing with other relevant countries and regions,the relative level of energy consumption per unit output value and development potential in terms of energy saving and emission reduction in China lodging industry are discussed.In addition,by measuring energy consumption per capita of China lodging industry and comparing with the figure of urban residents,this paper analyses the problems and challenges in terms of low-carbon management in China lodging industry. The study shows that every 10,000 yuan total outputs of China lodging industry need to consume 330.99 kilograms of standard coal.In comparison with other domestic sectors,by index of standard coal consumption per unit output value,China lodging industry ranks 37th among all 135 sectors,while ranking 9th among 40 sectors of the tertiary industry.This indicates that,up to now,the lodging industry has no relative advantage in the field of energy saving,emission reduction and low-carbon economy development in China. By measuring the energy consumption index of China lodging industry,as well as comparing with four countries and a region including Japan,Korea,Taiwan,New Zealand and Luxembourg,the result shows that energy consumption intensity of lodging industry in mainland,China is lower than that in Korea and Taiwan.However,in comparison with the other countries,there still exists a big gap.Energy consumption intensity of China lodging industry is 3.13,5.20 and 3.92 times that of Japan,New Zealand and Luxembourg,respectively.This indicates that,the gap in terms of energy consumption level in lodging industry,between China and other developed areas,has begun to be narrowed,but the task of energy saving and achieving emission reduction is still quite challenging in China lodging industry. By comparing energy consumption level between hotel guests and urban residents,the result shows that hotel guests consume 11 times more than urban residents on the basis of per capita per day.This indicates that the current production model of China lodging industry is still relatively extensive,and the consuming behavior of hotel guests is still in the stage of high energy consumption and high carbon emission. In conclusion,the characteristic of energy consumption in China lodging industry,this study puts forward five approaches to low-carbon management: low-carbon hotel design,low-carbon energy management,low-carbon hotel services,low-carbon hotel consumption,and low-carbon industrial structure.