集成化物流战略层协同管理实现机理研究

集成化物流是一种新型的物流资源整合方式，而战略层作为集成化物流的最高层次，其协同管理的实现决定着集成化物流协同管理实现的方式与方向。文章以探讨集成化物流战略层协同管理的实现机理为主线，利用专家评分方法，分析战略价值、核心能力、资源互补性、企业文化相容度、利益分配机制、合作伙伴关系六个关键参量对战略层协同管理实现的影响；通过运用粗糙集理论的简约集运算方法，得出“战略价值、企业文化相容度”是战略层协同管理的序参量。借助于双序参量自组织模型，发现在“竞争→协作”“协作→协调”相变阶段，“战略价值”是主导力量，“企业文化相容度”是辅助力量；而在“协调→协同”阶段，则反之。研究结果不仅在理论层面丰富了物流供应链协同管理研究方面的文献，而且为物流资源整合提供了一种新的管理理论研究思路。     

基于供应链管理的制造业与物流业联动发展策略研究——以杭州市为例

文章首先阐述了在供应链管理背景下制造业和物流业联动的意义,然后根据调研数据分析了杭州目前制造业供应链管理现状及其与物流联动中存在的障碍,并在此基础上提出了促进两者有机融合、联动发展的策略。     

构建新发展格局下物流业与制造业深度融合发展研究

物流业与制造业深度融合发展是构建新发展格局的必然要求,近年来一些地方进行了积极实践,探索了多种深度融合发展模式。两业融合发展不仅有助于推动制造业的转型升级和创新业态模式的融合,而且有助于物流业与制造业的降本增效,提升经济社会整体效益。在构建新发展格局的背景下,应加强物流业与制造业深度融合发展的规划、加强物流业与制造业深度融合发展的要素保障、加快物流业与制造业供应链综合服务商的培育、注重制造业供应链体系全球化专业化水平的提升,不断推动物流业与制造业深度融合发展。     

市场营销物流及其技术应用

文章指出,市场营销物流管理对于创造企业竞争价值具有重要战略意义。为实现生产物流和营销物流的无缝连接,文章提出,应将计算机技术、统计学和运筹学管理方法应用到营销物流过程中,打破生产和营销组织的边界,将以功能为核心的组织结构转变为以流程为核心的组织结构;建立一体化的物流业务流程,实现信息的实时共享及业务规划的动态调整;使供应链和营销服务链协调统一,为顾客提供最优价值链;建立服务响应物流,为顾客提供高效良好的服务。     

A framework of supply chain management literature

Over the past decade, the traditional purchasing and logistics functions have evolved into a broader strategic approach to materials and distribution management known as supply chain management. This research reviews the literature base and development of supply chain management from two separate paths that eventually merged into the modern era of a holistic and strategic approach to operations, materials and logistics management. In addition, this article attempts to clearly describe supply chain management since the literature is replete with buzzwords that address elements or stages of this new management philosophy. This article also discusses various supply chain management strategies and the conditions conducive to supply chain management.     

中国物流学研究现状分析、热点探视及趋势展望——基于1999～2010年三大基金立项项目的总体评论

自20世纪70年代末从国外引入物流概念以来,中国物流学理论研究经历了理论与概念的引进、产业形成和企业成本分析、功能提升与供应链流程再造、产业融合与智能物流研究等四个阶段,初步形成了适合中国国情的物流学理论研究体系.作为典型的交叉性学科,物流学理论研究涵盖物流管理、物流经济和物流工程等多个研究方向,因而对其理论研究进展进行全面综述存在诸多困难.基金项目是中国物流学研究的重要载体之一,对中国物流学理论研究的繁荣和发展具有重大推动意义.为此,本文基于1999～2010年国家自然科学、国家社会科学和教育部人文社科等三大基金物流立项项目的视角对中国物流学研究进展进行总体评论,以期较为全面地把握中国物流学的研究现状、前沿热点及未来趋势.     

A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR SUPPLY CHAIN ORIENTED LOGISTICS

The Council of Logistics Management's (CLM) name change to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) has intensified discussions regarding the difference between supply chain management and logistics. This paper merges broadly accepted paradigms from strategic management and marketing to introduce a theoretically consistent framework that differentiates supply chain management from logistics while highlighting the complementary relationship. Supply chain management is portrayed as a firm or SBU level phenomena while logistics is expressed as a competency within supply chain management possessing both strategic and structural capabilities focused exclusively on managing the move/store activities used to fulfill customer orders. Research propositions regarding the interfaces and nature of logistics within a strategic supply chain orientation are drawn to guide thought and development in the discipline.     

第四方物流模式下供应链资源整合中的成员选择决策

第四方物流（4PL）在实践中的成功运作,正逐步表明它是实现对供应链复杂资源进行合理、高效、灵活整合的有效模式。4PL模式下供应链资源整合的关键问题之一是如何基于供应链系统的资源整合目标,从战略性的高度以及系统的整体性角度,有针对性地对协作成员进行选择。文章在对4PL模式下的供应链资源整合运作特征及框架分析的基础上,从系统性整合原理及系统整合价值增值的角度出发,对判定供应链资源整合后系统运作水平提升的主导因素进行界定及分析。在此基础上,搭建了基于各主导因素期望运作水平判定的整合决策流程,提出了基于主导因素期望运作水平判定的4PL模式下供应链资源整合的协作成员选择决策方法,并通过算例分析验证了选择决策过程的合理性与可行性。研究结论不仅阐述了现实中供应链资源整合过程的复杂性,也简要指出了进一步的研究方向。     

Using Country Sustainability Risk to Inform Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Design Science Study

The sustainability of our global supply chains is an essential concern in strategic supply chain management research. Modern information and communication technologies enable stakeholders to punish buying firms for any sustainability‐related grievances at their suppliers, even in remote locations. This study investigates how the notion of country sustainability risk can inform sustainable supply chain management, in particular with respect to sustainability risk assessment at the individual supplier level. Drawing on institutional theory, we provide insights surrounding the emergence of environmental, social, and governance‐related country‐level sustainability risks and show their implications for and application in sustainable supply chain management. The study employs a design science methodology, based on cooperation with a multidivisional German technology firm, to develop a supply chain sustainability risk (SCSR) map as technological solution design. This article contributes to the study of SCSR by reconciling the scholarly SCSR discourse with the buying firms’ pursuit of efficiency. Moreover, it elucidates the augmentation of a research agenda through a design science approach. In practical terms, the technological solution design can directly inform managers about SCSR at the country level and serves as a decision basis for the management of individual suppliers.     

基于客户旅程地图的第四方物流企业引领战略勾勒

首先界定第四方物流、引领战略和客户旅程地图等概念的内涵,进而针对第四方物流模式、物流企业发展战略及相关的工具模型予以理论溯源;在此基础上分析了中国社会经济(全供应链)、物流行业及企业的总体发展概况,并对中国第四方物流的发展进行扫描;然后从供应链(纵向)发展与管理效能、物流行业(横向)发展与服务效能、物流企业(自身)发展与运营效能三个维度设计了第四方物流企业引领发展的评价指标体系;据此揭示了当前中国第四方物流企业发展现存的主要问题;最后基于客户旅程地图,从"一纵"(供应链发展引领战略)、"一横"(物流业发展引领战略)、"一点"(自身运营发展战略)3个层面构建了中国第四方物流企业"三位一体"引领发展战略,同时提出了加强信息管理、提供品牌服务、提升运营能力等对策措施。     

Blockchain in Additive Manufacturing and its Impact on Supply Chains

Additive manufacturing (AM) appears to be a particularly attractive use case for blockchain. This research combines inductive in‐depth interviews with the Delphi method to explore what potentials blockchain technology in AM creates, which adoption barriers firms need to overcome, and how supply chains will be affected by the integration of these two potentially disruptive technologies. The results suggest opportunities that are related to intellectual property (IP) rights management, the monitoring of printed parts throughout their lifecycle, process improvements, and data security. The most important barriers for blockchain adoption in AM are an absence of blockchain‐skilled specialists on the labor market, missing governance mechanisms, and a lack of firm‐internal technical expertise. By addressing important limitations of AM, blockchain is expected to improve the competitiveness of AM in parts’ production, catalyzing the trend toward more decentralized manufacturing resulting in more agile, resilient, and flexible supply chains and reduced logistics costs. Beyond that, blockchain‐based AM platforms are expected to enhance supply chain visibility, drive supply chain digitalization, support supply chain finance, and contribute to the emergence of shared factory systems.     

纺织服装业绿色供应链分析与整体绩效评价研究

纺织服装企业正面临着消费需求偏好的改变和绿色贸易壁垒等来自环境方面的挑战,依托服装核心企业构建绿色供应链管理系统,建立科学、合理的绩效评价体系,时时监控供应链中各节点企业的运行情况,是有效提升我国纺织服装业国际竞争力和可持续发展能力的战略选择。     

The Relationship Between Strategic Supply Chain Integration and Performance: A Meta‐Analytic Evaluation and Implications for Supply Chain Management Research

Although research evaluating the impact of supply chain integration on performance has advanced substantially in the last decade, inconsistency and considerable variability of empirical findings leave unanswered questions for both research and practice. Using a meta‐analysis, we examine empirical studies to clarify the actual relationship, suggest new directions, and ultimately contribute toward the development of supply chain management theory. We focus on “strategic” supply chain integration rather than on functional or operational/tactical studies, which would weaken the practical value of the analysis and findings. To ascertain focus and homogeneity of the sample, we adopt a rigorous search protocol and sample construction. We find that integration–performance relationships are complex and nuanced such that integration should not be universally viewed as improving performance. We identify relationships that are more generalizable and also those that need additional scrutiny. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings and provide directions for future research.     

线上线下与物流协同的逻辑推演、影响因素与构建策略

线上线下与物流协同是"新零售"发展的核心。总体看来,我国"新零售"发展已跨越初级阶段向中高级阶段进化,也对线上线下与物流协同提出了新的要求。基于"新零售"发展现实,围绕线上线下与物流协同发展的四个阶段对协同发展进行逻辑推演,结合零售系统、物流支撑、技术应用等多要素探讨协同的影响因素。研究发现,从动态视角来看,电商与物流协同和线上线下融合为线上线下与物流协同奠定基础,而线上线下与物流协同要经历由线状协同向网状(立体)协同进化过程,也预示由初级协同向中高级协同的迈进;线上线下与物流协同主要受底层逻辑(线上线下协同融合程度、零售业网状协同水平)、核心支撑(物流网络建设、物流运营管理水平、物流生态体系协同)、升级保障(数智化技术协同应用、供应链整合与创新)三个方面共七类因素的影响,而不同因素又具有不同的作用方向。基于此,线上线下与物流协同要秉承"四化"理念,即以规模化运营为基础,以创新化模式为引领,以数智化技术为依托,以生态化体系为关键,提升协同服务水平和效率,构筑协同系统。     

加速我国现代物流业发展的整合模式

本文认为,全面实施物流供应链联盟整合模式是发展我国现代物流业最有效的途径,目前主要有以管理咨询公司为龙头、以信息技术公司为龙头、以大型第三方物流企业为龙头、以大型制造企业的物流机构为龙头和以大型连锁企业总部配送中心为龙头等五种供应链联盟整合实践模式。文章提出,这五种模式必须是在市场经济环境下通过企业间的自主竞争行为而发展形成的,需要国家宏观政策,物流资源,信息技术和管理技术以及契约管理体系等一系列良好的外部支撑环境作为基础和保障。     

物流服务供应链的研究——从供应到需求的视角转变

服务业的快速发展让研究学者开始重新认识服务,对服务概念的不同理解形成了不同的服务逻辑观。文章从结构、管理要素、价值创造、利益协调四个方面分析了传统物流服务供应链的理论架构,运用服务主导逻辑分析物流服务供应链,提出应当将物流服务供应链的研究视角从保障能力供应向满足客户需求转变,重视客户在物流服务供应链中的地位与作用。在此基础上,文章分析了需求视角下物流服务供应链中企业客户与服务提供商共同创造服务价值的价值创造机理与利益共享形成机制等问题,提出三个进一步研究的方向。     

THE INTELLECTUAL FOUNDATION OF THE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LOGISTICS AND ITS EVOLUTION BETWEEN 1978 AND 2007

Many logistics and supply chain management researchers have so far studied the nature of logistics and supply chain management research in terms of its domain and scope, its epistemological assumptions, and its evolution. However, the knowledge repository on which the scientific research community draws, that is, its intellectual foundation, has not yet been studied. Studying the intellectual foundation of research provides an unbiased and comprehensive picture of the development, dissemination, and utilization of its knowledge. In this article, we identify the most contributive works—in terms of citations received—that have been used in 497 articles published in the Journal of Business Logistics (JBL) between 1978 and 2007. By means of citation and co‐citation analysis, the intellectual structure of research in JBL is revealed and transformations therein are explored. Overall, the most frequently‐cited literature can be classified into six themes: physical distribution; inventory models; customer service; interorganizational relationships; competitive strategy; and empirical methodologies for socio‐scientific research. Furthermore, we determined a development in citation frequencies to these themes: literature related to physical distribution and inventory management declined over the three decades under study, whereas literature related to competitive strategy and empirical methods gained in importance. This development indicates a shift from an operational focus to a prioritization of managerial issues. Moreover, our results demonstrate a shift towards more relational and institutional research in logistics (management), which has been typically linked with the notion of supply chain management since the 1990's.     

供应链协同绩效评价体系实证效应分析

供应链协同是供应链管理崭新和现实的模式,能更为有效地利用和管理资源,提高企业运作绩效.目前我国供应链运营成本偏高,供应链间信任度较低,供应链柔性不高.供应链运行经营中的企业应充分利用现有系统功能,建立以充分利用现有系统功能为目标的业务标准,同时找出供应链支持业务协同的关键管理活动,将其程序化、标准化,以方便各级管理人员进行管理;提高供应链成员之间的信任度,建立供应链成员信用评级体系,每年对供应链成员的信用度进行评价,提高信任水平;鼓励供应链中的各成员企业扩大信息共享的深度与广度,惩罚供应链平台上的虚假信息.供应链协同绩效评价体系主要基于网络环境状态,依据价值网理论,采用崭新的模型方法来研究我国行业范围内的企业供应链协同效应.文章以我国某煤炭企业集团为研究样本进行供应链协同绩效评价.结果表明,绩效评价结果与供应链中企业的实际经营情况相符,该评价指标体系具有可行性,模糊综合评价方法也具有可操作性.     

The Economic Development Role of Regional Logistics Hubs: A Cross‐Country Study of Interorganizational Governance Models

As global competition intensifies, the geographic fragmentation of supply chain activities is creating a concentration of trade at regional freight gateways or hubs. This has significant implications for the economic prosperity of the specific gateway regions. The study explores the deliberate governance efforts of regional economic development agencies and the communities they support in their attempts to exploit location‐specific logistics assets to deliver economic productivity gains. Drawing on the new institutional economics’ body of literature, the research explores prevalent governance models which represent the proactive attempts by these agencies to transform regional logistics capability into cohesive hub strategies. By adopting exploratory cluster‐mapping procedures, web content analysis, and Delphi panels, study findings suggest a typology of multijurisdiction, and multiagency governance models representing the collaborative efforts between public sector and government agencies, academic institutions, and private sector organizations within selected European and U.S. logistics hubs. Each governance type is defined in accordance to specific economic organization and proficiency characteristics.     

AN EXAMINATION OF REVERSE LOGISTICS PRACTICES

Managing reverse logistics is becoming an important element of supply chain management and, in some cases, a profit generating function. In this paper, reverse logistics activities and key reverse logistics management methodologies are discussed, as well as their benefits and the barriers to successful implementation. Economic and supply chain issues related to reverse logistics are examined, and a working definition of reverse logistics is developed.