Foreign Plants and Industry Productivity: Evidence from Chile

This paper presents new evidence on foreign plants and their effects on a host industry. I test the predictions of a Melitz‐type model using a panel of domestic and foreign plants in the Chilean manufacturing sector. Foreign ownership is a strong predictor of plant productivity and size advantages. Moreover, productivity gains for a domestic incumbent are positively associated with foreign plants' presence in the same industry and region. I also find a positive correlation between foreign entry and exit of less productive domestic plants, but inconclusive evidence on the effects on productivity of new domestic plants.     

Outsourcing, Foreign Ownership, and Productivity: Evidence from UK Establishment-level Data

The paper presents an empirical analysis of “outsourcing” using establishment‐level data for UK manufacturing industries. The authors analyze an establishment's decision to outsource and the subsequent effects of outsourcing on the establishment's productivity. Outsourcing is compared in domestic with foreign‐owned establishments. The empirical results suggest that high wages are positively related to outsourcing, suggesting that the cost‐saving motive is important. Foreign‐owned firms have higher levels of outsourcing than domestic establishments. In the productivity analysis, an establishment's outsourcing intensity is positively related to its labor productivity and total factor productivity growth, and this effect is more pronounced for foreign establishments.     

Privatization, Ownership and Technical Efficiency a Study of the Turkish Cement Industry

This paper presents an empirical study of the effects of ownership and privatization on technical efficiency in the Turkish cement industry. We first summarize the characteristics of the Turkish cement industry and changes in industrial structure in the post-privatization period. The effects of ownership and privatization on technical efficiency are estimated using the stochastic production frontier approach. The empirical tests presented, which use data on all cement plants in Turkey, suggest that neither ownership nor privatization had a significant impact on technical efficiency.     

技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析

本文运用DEA的方法测度了 1 978— 2 0 0 1年中国 3 0个省 (自治区、直辖市 )的技术效率、技术进步及曼奎斯特生产率指数 ,并且对人力资本和制度因素同技术效率、技术进步和生产率增长的关系进行了实证检验。其研究价值在于对中国经济研究者提供先进的分析工具和研究平台 ,并为有关部门提供接近现实的经得起检验的数据加工库以及政策依据。本文的主要结论是 :总体来说 ,中国全要素生产率是增长的 ,主要原因是技术效率的提高 ;由于技术进步减慢 ,1 997年之后全要素生产率的增长出现了递减 ;根据技术进步并不能做出中国经济长期持续增长的判断 ;1 992年以前中国经济出现了效率的趋同 ,1 992年以后追赶效应消失 ,技术进步成为各个地区生产率差异的主要原因 ;人力资本和制度因素对全要素生产率、效率提高以及技术进步均有重要的影响。     

所有权结构与产出效率:对中国企业的实证研究

与传统上通过会计业绩、托宾Q值来研究所有权结构与企业业绩不同,文章以1999～2001年中国1 077家上市企业为样本,研究不同所有权结构下企业产出效率的差异.研究结果发现:在不同的所有权结构下,企业的产出效率不存在显著性的差异.这部分支持了Demsetz为代表的所有权结构与企业业绩无关的观点.     

区域生产力特征及其微观构成分析

本文在生产力内容及其地域空间依托性解析的基础上 ,对区域生产力特征与微观构成进行规范论证与系统分析。认为 ,生产力地域空间分异性正是其地域空间依托性的表现 ,认为区域生产力具有系统性、综合性与继承性 ,是以微观主体经济活力为依托的微观生产力在特定地域空间聚集与混合的中观反映 ,又是社会生产力的区域代表观。     

Partial Ownership and Foreclosure: An Empirical Analysis

This paper examines events associated with Union Pacific (UP) Railroad's attempt to obtain a significant minority share of the voting equity in Chicago Northwestern (CNW) Railroad. Rivals of UP petitioned the ICC to block the transaction, positing a theory of foreclosure that connects UP's partial ownership of CNW to reductions in both the rivals' profits and social welfare. This paper explores this theory's implications more generally and generates a testable implication for the UP/CNW transaction. I test for the predicted effect and find evidence contrary to the predictions of the rivals' theory, but consistent with other theories of partial ownership interests.     

Employee Stock Ownership and Participation in South Korea: Incidence, Productivity Effects, and Prospects

The paper examines employee stock ownership plans in South Korea. The incidence and characteristics of ESOPs in publicly traded manufacturing firms is reported. Korean employees do not participate in ESOPs either financially or in decision-making to the extent they could under the law. Evidence that tax incentives have very large effects on ESOP purchases is presented. Econometric estimates suggest that an increase in an average ESOP from 2% to 3% of total shares would lead to an increase in output of 2.6%. These results are broadly consistent with OECD countries, despite the smaller ownership shared and weaker employee decision-making participation in Korea. The policy analysis concludes that ESOPs in Korea are not suitable for pensions; that it is not in employee interests to purchase all shares through initial public offerings (IPOs) and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs); that incentives for longer stock-holding periods may be appropriate; that improvement in decision-making participation is desirable; and that changes in repayment methods could make it more attractive for employees to purchase shares.     

我国竞争行业生产效率的实证分析

本文对2000-2007年家具行业技术效率、全要素生产率以及生产率的变化进行了实证研究.研究表明:国有、联营、其它企业的市场竞争能力不强,港澳台、集体企业的竞争能力一般,私人、股份、外商企业的市场竞争能力比较强,生产率变化和企业数量具有正向关系,市场具有演化作用,它会淘汰不适应市场发展的企业类型,培养适应市场发展的企业类型.在此基础上,提出健全公平、自由、开放的市场体系,促进经济发展的建议.     

公有制效率:假说与经验证据

从生产力和生产关系的基本原理出发,比较不同所有制效率的生产力标准,具体化为静态的资源配置标准、动态的技术进步标准和维护特定所有制的交易费用标准,演绎出公有制效率假说。利用中国国有和非国有工业数据分析对比,验证了公有制是有效率的,并且运用发展中国家、西方发达国家经验验证了这个结果的稳健性。     

中国对外直接投资对进出口贸易的影响分析

笔者在分析对外直接投资对进出口贸易影响机制的基础上,使用1993年～2009年中国对105个国家(地区)直接投资和进出口贸易的面板数据,应用动态VAR模型和面板格兰杰因果检验方法对我国的情况进行实证研究。结果表明:我国对外直接投资与出口及进口之间均存在双向格兰杰因果关系,对外直接投资是贸易创造型的,但这种创造效应还较为有限。因此,应积极发展对外直接投资,并发挥其与贸易的良性互动关系。     

Independent Living and Home Ownership: An Analysis of Australian Youth

Abstract
This study extends economic models of the joint decisions of living arrangement and home ownership. The cost of shelter is an important factor in determining whether youth live independently (apart from parents and other non-related adults), and the cost of home ownership relative to renting is important to the tenure decision (choice of owning or renting). Simulations suggest that the post-1985 decline and eventual removal of the Australian subsidy for first-time home owners has lowered the home ownership rate among young households by 23 per cent, the equivalent of slowing the time to first ownership by two years.     

中国城市规模和产业结构对城市劳动生产率的协同效应研究

文章基于我国281个地级及以上城市2000-2013年的面板数据,综合运用GMM、门槛面板模型和空间面板模型等计量方法,实证研究了城市规模和产业结构对中国城市劳动生产率的协同影响效应.研究发现:(1)中国城市劳动生产率与城市规模之间呈倒U形关系,与二产/三产增加值之比也呈现倒U形关系;(2)城市“规模红利”的发挥受制于产业结构,而产业结构的“结构红利”大小也受城市规模的影响.文章据此提出:虽然少数中国特大城市和大城市已经初步出现规模不经济迹象,但绝大多数中等城市规模仍偏小,“规模红利”还有待进一步开发,同时绝大多数城市还未充分发挥第二产业的潜力,不宜过早“去工业化”.文章据此对中国城市发展战略提出一系列政策建议,即要用更加市场化的手段鼓励城市规模优化和产业结构调整.     

中国适度外汇储备规模的实证分析

中国外汇储备规模近年持续扩大,外汇储备再度成为理论界和实务界关注的焦点。本文基于中国经济发展现状,利用eviews统计软件对1984~2003年间中国外汇储备规模影响因素的统计数据进行回归分析。在回归分析基础上,尝试从实证角度探讨中国外汇储备适度规模的决定机制,并对优化外汇储备规模提出建议。     

先进生产力发展规律探析——兼论科技经济学构建问题

先进生产力是一个具体的历史范畴,它应当是一个同一尺度。它是科学技术原形及其向现实生产力转化应用的集合体。先进生产力发展规律是以人才为主导的科学技术创新、转化应用及其在矛盾制衡中不断扩展和新陈代谢的进程,有四个具体的机制,并且在社会基本矛盾运行中行进,在现时又出一些突出特点,必须完整地把握它的根基、条件和趋势。为研究先进生产力发展规律、运行机制及其同社会经济互动中的表现形式,应当构建一门新的科技经济学。     

国有企业改制效果的实证研究

本文通过对1998至2003年间全部国有企业和规模以上非国有企业的数据进行分析来研究我国国有企业改制的效果。我们不仅考察了改制对企业经济效益的影响,而且考察了改制对企业社会效益指标的影响。此外,我们还分析了改制影响经济效益的渠道、国有控股和非国有控股的差别、以及改制效果的可持续性。本文的主要发现是:改制后企业经济效益显著提高,并且主要来自于代理成本的降低,表现为管理费用率的下降;改制带来了一定的社会成本,但和国际经验相比程度不是很大;国有控股改制社会效益较好,而非国有控股改制经济效益较好;改制效果在一定期间内持续。     

独资还是合资——我国企业跨国直接投资进入模式的影响因素研究

本文研究了我国企业FDI中关于独资与合资的选择问题。建立了我国企业FDI股权结构进入模式分析框架,并提出研究假设。2008年11月～2009年1月,获得132份有效调查问卷。使用SPSS12.0软件分析得到FDI股权结构选择的LOGISTIC模型。模型显示,投资方式、公司国际化程度对采用独资方式具有负向显著影响,集权偏好对采用独资方式有正向显著影响,技术优势、技术隐性、市场潜力和文化距离对股权结构选择无显著影响。本文还初步探讨了股权结构选择与绩效间的关系,并建议走出去的我国企业关注国际化程度、集权偏好、文化距离对进入模式的影响和国际化人才的培养。     

企业所有权性质与研发效率——基于随机前沿函数的高技术产业实证研究

本文运用随机前沿生产函数分别对我国高技术产业中国有及国有控股企业和三资企业的研发效率进行了度量,着重度量了企业规模、市场结构、出口、消化吸收经费投入等因素对该产业不同所有权性质企业研发效率的影响。通过企业所有权性质与研发效率的对比分析发现,国有企业研发效率整体偏低,但近年呈上升趋势,企业规模、市场竞争和消化吸收经费投入与该类企业研发效率显著正相关;三资企业电子及通信设备制造业研发效率近年来出现下降趋势,消化吸收费用对其研发效率提高作用不显著。