External effects of neighbourhood parks and landscape elements on high-rise residential value

Neighbourhood parks provide recreation opportunities and amenity to nearby residents and improve the quality of the environment and life. Their provision and protection could be facilitated by a deeper understanding of their multiple values. The hedonic pricing method, using statistical techniques to estimate the part of a price due to a particular attribute of a commodity, assessed the external effects of neighbourhood parks on the transaction price of high-rise private residential units in Hong Kong. The empirical results derived from 1471 transactions in a district indicated that neighbourhood parks could lift price by 16.88%, including 14.93% for availability and 1.95% for view. Comparing with other landscape elements, neighbourhood parks induced the heaviest investment intention in home-buying behaviour. Harbour view attracted a premium of 5.1%, but mountain view was surprisingly not welcomed. Street view, considered as unappealing, suppressed price. Residents were insensitive to building landscape due to its ubiquity in the compact city. The scarcity of neighbourhood parks in the city has pushed their hedonic value to an exceptionally high level, providing guidance to revamp the policies, planning and management of urban greenspaces in tandem with the sustainable city quest.     

The multiple effects of carbon values on optimal rotation

Non-consumptive benefits which increase with crop age, like keeping carbon sequestered, lengthen optimal rotation compared with rotation for timber alone. High proposed carbon prices may extend rotation indefinitely. Carbon storage in wood products reduces this tendency. Biomass as an energy source displacing fossil fuels favours rotations near those of maximum biomass productivity. Use of sawn timber to displace structural materials with high embodied carbon favours somewhat longer rotations. Effects of rotation on soil carbon, and fossil carbon volatilised in harvesting operations, are further complications. Including all carbon effects results in optimal rotations somewhat longer than those based only on timber value, but shorter than those based on timber plus forest carbon. To include all factors intuitively is not possible: balanced appraisal needs economic calculations.     

Variation of federal cost-share programs in the United States and the inducement effects on tree planting

A long existing question associated with federal cost-share programs in the United States has been whether these public subsidies have induced or substituted for landowners’ private investment in tree planting. This study reexamined the relationship between public funding and private investment behavior in the past 50 years by employing a state space model with time-varying parameters. Three regions, i.e., the South, North, and West were formed and compared. The analysis revealed that the relationship has changed over time and across regions and both inducement and substitution effects have occurred. The inducement effect occurred in the South from 1960 to 1972 and in the West from 1961 to 2002 while the substitution effect was present for all other years in the South and West. In the North, there has been a strong substitution effect from 1951 to 2002.     

自然保护区开展森林旅游应与科教相结合

本文通过对万木林自然保护区近年来开展森林旅游状况的调查分析 ,从建立自然保护区的目的和功能以及开展森林旅游的优势出发 ,阐述自然保护区开展森林旅游应与科教相结合 ,才能发挥自然保护区在实施“保护环境”、“科教兴国”和社会可持续发展战略等方面的作用。     

农业科技推广资金整合的对策研究

农业科技推广工作是将农业科技成果转化为现实生产力的重要环节,是科技兴农的重要载体。我国农业科技推广的体制及资金投入总量偏低、投资机制不顺及资金使用效率偏低的现状,直接制约了农技推广的效果。因此,加大我国财政对农业科技的支持力度,有效整合农业科技推广资金,提高其利用率,对农业科技研究成果尽快地转化为生产力,以及加快现代农业建设步伐,推进我国农业发展,都具有重要的现实意义,更是完善政府公共财政制度的必然选择。     

大兴安岭地区主要园林树木资源应用研究

对大兴安岭地区主要园林树木资源进行系统分类,得到满足大兴安岭地区的园林的应用园林树木;发现当地园林绿化树木应用中存在的问题;提出合理化建议.     

济宁市2005生态足迹的计算与分析

介绍了"生态足迹"计算方法,对济宁市2005年资源消费进行了计算,结果表明:2005年济宁市的生态足迹为5.1559hm2/人,生态承载力为0.4436 hm2/人,生态赤字为4.7122 hm2/人。这说明济宁市的发展已远远超出了生态承载力的范围,处于一种不可持续发展状态。     

水产养殖碳排量计算模型的研究

自21世纪以来,温室气体排放带来的全球变暖问题已经日渐影响人类的生存,碳减排也成为全世界各国的重要任务,碳汇渔业因其具有的良好碳减排作用应该大力推行发展。然而水产养殖自身的碳排放压力又十分突出,因此建立一个水产养殖碳排量计算模型,了解养殖活动各环节的碳排放量,对于规范和推进渔业的发展有着重要的意义。本文建立了水产养殖碳排放量计算模型,并实证计算了某问卷调查养殖企业的碳排放量,验证了计算模型的可行性。     

黑龙江省耕地生态系统服务价值测算研究

耕地作为人类赖以生存和发展的重要物质来源,具有多种生态服务功能,但人们对耕地的保护一直限于数量、质量的保护而忽视了耕地的生态价值。本文以黑龙江省耕地生态服务价值为依据,通过对黑龙江省2013年相关数据的收集和整理,尝试对黑龙江省耕地生态系统服务价值进行了计算,计算结果可为黑龙江省构建耕地生态补偿路径提供参考。     

联系实际全面贯彻落实农发行全国分行行长会议精神

农发行各省级分行分别于2月底或3月初召开所辖分支行行长会议,迅速将全国分行行长会议精神传达给全体干部职工,并分别结合本地实际,明确工作目标,部署重点工作,认真抓好会议精神的贯彻落实。河北省分行明确目标,以“四个统一”为保证,力争全面完成全年五项目标任务。一是政策目标。保证粮棉油储备和保护价粮食收购资金及时足额供应,并按“以销定贷,以效定贷”的原则做好     

促进广东城乡一体化建设的财税政策研究

本文总结了广东城乡运用财税政策促进城乡一体化建设的主要做法与效果及存在的主要问题,并提出了促进广东城乡一体化建设的财税政策建议。     

Integrating local ecological services into intergovernmental fiscal transfers: The case of the ecological ICMS in Brazil

Local conservation efforts are often related to benefits at higher governmental levels. On the one hand, these efforts are strongly connected to local land-use decisions. On the other hand, activities such as sustainable water management or biodiversity conservation are associated with regional, national or even global public goods. Therefore, spatial externalities or spillovers exist, which—if not adequately compensated for—lead to an underprovision of the public goods and services concerned. This article investigates intergovernmental fiscal transfers as an innovative instrument for compensating local jurisdictions for the ecological goods and services they provide across local boundaries. From a public finance perspective, fiscal transfers are a suitable instrument for internalising spatial externalities. However, most federal states use this instrument predominantly for social and economic public sector functions rather than for ecological ones. This article investigates the case of the ecological “ICMS” that was first introduced by a few states in Brazil during the 1990s. Part of the revenue from this value-added tax is redistributed to the local level on the basis of ecological indicators. In this way, the state level uses fiscal transfers to compensate municipalities for the existence of protected areas and other ecological services provided within their territories. The Brazilian experience illustrates that such fiscal transfers can represent both a compensation for land-use restrictions and an incentive to value and engage in more conservation activities at the local level.     

黑龙江省森林植物园观果树种的引种及应用

介绍了黑龙江省森林植物园引种成功的观果树种及其在园林绿化中的应用情况和建议.     

农业产业化经营和农民组织创新对农民收入的影响

我国农业的“四低一高”，即农业商品化程度低、农产品市场一体化程度低、农产品加工程度低和农民组织化程度低，农民面临的交易成本高，是制约我国农民收入增长的重要因素。近年来，我国政府大力推进农业产业化经营，对提高农业商品化程度、农产品市场一体化程度、农产品加工程度，起到了有效的促进作用。但是，农民组织化程度低的问题还没有得到根本解决。为此，政府应当加大支持农民专业合作社发展的政策力度。     

Evaluating the impact of government land use policies on tree canopy coverage

Many cities around the world are experiencing the negative effects associated with not sustaining a sufficient level of tree canopy coverage. Tree canopy provides environmental benefits such as clean water and air, erosion prevention, climate control, and native species habitat and provides economic benefits such as higher housing values and lower energy expenditures. We study local government policies in a large U.S. metropolitan area (the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area) to find which policies perform the best at preserving or increasing urban forests. Empirical analysis reveals that a set of effective tree ordinance clauses, zoning ordinances, and having high quality smart growth projects in the community all help in preserving tree canopy in economically and environmentally meaningful amounts. Other actions, such as simply having a tree ordinance, designating a key management person in charge of tree programs, the presence of a tree board, and multiple communication channels were shown to be ineffective for our data set. Because benefits from tree canopy accrue to the local government's budget, to residents and to business owners, the entire community should gain from the passage of effective policies to preserve their local tree canopy. Estimated economic benefits from preserving tree canopy through an effective set of public policies are in the range of $10–15 million annually in an average county, mostly due to savings on stormwater management.     

议森林成熟理论——评市场成熟之说

指出《林木市场成熟理论提出与探讨》对我国森林经营发展历史的评价不够准确、对林木市场成熟概念的表述混乱不清、对林木市场成熟年龄确定的弊端很多,并提出如何确定用材林主伐年龄的几点思考。     

行政一体化背景下碎片化整合途径的比较和对中国的启示

行政碎片化是指在处理公共事务中,各部门出现利益割裂、争权夺利或各自为政的一种行政管理弊端。对行政碎片化的整合途径主要有行政协调、政府联动、网络治理和行政协助等。每种整合途径有各自利弊,并适合不同类型的行政体系。文章将对这几种碎片化整合途径进行对比,并分析出较为适合中国国情的碎片化整合途径。     

Multiple objectives and perceptions of optimal management: The Danish industrial fishery in the North Sea

Fisheries management involves many stakeholders with differentopinions about how the fishery should be optimally managed.This paper presents a multi-objective bio-economic model, whichis able to incorporate the preferences of managers and otherstakeholders. The model is a weighted goal programme coveringthe Danish industrial fishery. Economic, political and biologicalconcerns are considered simultaneously and, by applying thepreference structures of different stakeholders, it shows howthe optimally managed fishery would look from the perspectiveof managers and various interest groups. Managers, in this casethe Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, areprovided with a management tool that shows the consequencesof their preferences towards the objectives, and can be comparedwith optimal solutions as perceived by other stakeholders.