现阶段国内商业银行个人住房贷款的利率风险定价及启示

最近一年多来,我国中央银行多次调整贷款基准利率,致使国内商业银行的个人住宅抵押贷款面临着较大的利率风险.本文试图对我国特定经济环境下商业银行个人住房贷款的利率风险进行分析,以期为商业银行更有效防范和化解其风险提供理论支持.     

最优贷款利率的价格机制与运行机理——结合中美实践的比较研究

利率市场化改革背景下,中国版最优贷款利率应运而生,信贷市场价格决定机制在制度层面出现了根本性变化。制度变迁对市场监管者与市场参与者提出了全新的要求。本文选取美国为样本,比较研究我国与发达市场国家最优贷款利率的共性与差异,结合回顾西方学界研究,以期为我国利率形成机制的构建与完善提供参考。研究表明,我国现阶段的最优贷款利率在形成基础、市场地位与决定机理等方面存在异质特征。明确市场监管者的干预边界,提升利率传导效力,强化商业银行的自主定、报价能力,是充分释放市场化利率定价机制效力的有效路径。     

综合收益最优的贷款组合鲁棒优化模型

商业银行信贷经营的基本目标是资金来源与运用在效益性、安全性和流动性上的“三性”平衡,而贷款组合优化配置是商业银行维持或达到资金“三性”平衡的有效方式,也是商业银行信贷经营管理中的重要内容.而贷款的预期收益具有不确定性,如果简单地假设其预期收益率往往会出现与实际脱节的情况,因此需要考虑贷款期间可能出现的变化.针对这一特征,考虑构建风险调整后资本收益率(RAROC)最优的贷款组合鲁棒优化模型.根据某商业银行实际经营数据进行数值分析,结果表明该模型具有鲁棒性,不仅能够兼顾贷款组合综合收益以及未来收益的不确定性因素,同时还可以在贷款组合风险约束范围内获得最大收益,为商业银行贷款优化配置管理提供有效可行的决策依据.     

确定商业银行贷款利率的期权方法探讨

在市场机制下，商业银行向企业发放贷款时，决策的重点是确定一个合理的贷款利率。理论上不同的企业，由于其风险程度不同，应该相应设定不同的贷款利率。本文以分析公司普通股所具有的看涨期权特性为出发点，以Black—Scholes看涨期权定价模型为基础，根据不同企业资本结构和资产回报风险的差别，构造出一个商业银行基本贷款利率模型。     

我国利率市场化的进程分析

在取消贷款限额控制之后,中央银行调控货币供应量的最主要政策工具是法定准备金制度、公开市场业务、再贷款、再贴现、中央银行利率商业银行利率以及对商业银行的资产负债比例要求。上述手段的有效运作,要求利率标准的合理化或其信号的无偏性。我国目前的利率体制仍沿袭由中央银行集中管理的机制,利率作为企业、银行与财政的连接点,不能正确反映全社会资金的供求状况,不利于资金的优化配置。因此,增强利率对经济的调节作用、加快利率市场化的进程将是我国金融体制改革的突破口。 利率市场化改革的运行状况及其约束机制 自１９７９年以…     

基于银行视角的中小企业贷款博弈模型

随着中国信贷市场的放开、外资银行的涌入和银监会等管理部门的推动,中小企业贷款难的问题已经在较大程度上得到了有效的解决。而如何高效、高质开展中小企业贷款业务成为各商业银行尤其是中小型商业银行今后所面临的首要问题。在信息不对称理论和均衡信贷配给理论的基础上,分析了国内中小企业信贷市场当前存在的问题。同时,基于商业银行的视角,构建了贝《斯均衡的二阶段动态博弈模型,依据高竞争力、高收益、低风险的原则,推导出商业银行中小企业贷款的定价策略。进而得出商业银行在巩固其中小企业贷款市场地位和维护高信用质量客户的同时能够实现自身贷款收益最大化的方案。最后通过A银行2011年中小企业贷款的实际业务数据,利用所构建模型进行具体的数据算例分析,测算出A银行的最优利率定价策略。研究结论为商业银行合理制定中小企业贷款利率和规避风险及保证收益提供了新的实用工具。     

外币利率市场化对商业银行利率风险的管理启示

一、外币利率市场化的主要内容我国外币利率市场化改革的主要内容是:外币贷款利率和外币大额存款(在300万美元以上的存款)利率完全由各商业银行自主;小于300万美元的外币小额存款利率由中国银行业协会确定并予以发布。各商业银行自主决定外币存款利率的范围,包括:外币贷款和外币大额存款利率的币种结构、期限结构、对象结构、各档次水平和计结息方式等。外币利率市场化的一个重要特点是:根据中国人民银行要求,中国银行业协会对会员银行间外币大额存款利率和外币贷款利率不约定任何形式的上下限,以保证各商业银行间外币存贷款的公平有效竞争,…     

农村信用社贷款定价模型和策略研究

利率市场化以后我国农村信用社面临着贷款自主定价问题。本文借鉴国内外商业银行贷款定价的主要研究成果,将农村信用社客户市场细分并分别进行定价。在贷款定价时运用了成本加成定价模式和含利率期限结构的基准利率加点定价模式,设计了对农村信用社贷款定价有实际参考价值的贷款定价模型。     

我国商业银行人民币贷款定价中存在的问题

我国商业银行的人民币利率一直受到中央银行的严格管制,法定利率仍然被央行作为最重要的货币政策工具之一。对于贷款利率,商业银行可以在法定利率的基础上实行有限度的浮动,中央银行既规定了最高上浮幅度,又规定了最大下浮幅度。目前,根据《中国人民银行关于扩大金融机构贷款利率浮动区间有关问题的通知》规定,“自2004年1月1日起,商业银行、城市信用社贷款利率浮动区间扩大到[0.9,1.7],即商业银行、城市信用社对客户贷款利率的下限为基准利率乘以下限系数0.9,上限为基准利率乘以上限系数1.7;农村信用社贷款利率浮动区间扩大到[0.9,2],即农…     

贷款多元化与商业银行经营状况的实证研究--基于上市银行经营风险和收益的研究

文章采用Herfindahl指数衡量商业银行贷款投放的多元化程度,发现商业银行贷款的行业多元化和地区多元化程度近年来不断提高.在此基础上,通过建立回归模型考察了贷款多元化对商业银行风险和收益水平的影响.研究结果表明:行业多元化程度与商业银行的资产净利率相关,并且行业多元化在一定程度上有助于提高商业银行的盈利能力;而行业多元化与商业银行的经营风险之间没有显著性的相关关系.地区多元化程度与商业银行的资产净利率和不良贷款率相关,并且地区多元化会导致商业银行盈利能力的降低,但是却在一定程度上有助于降低商业银行的经营风险.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。