政府支出、效率改进与经济增长--基于面板数据随机系数模型的实证研究

理论上,政府支出可提高全要素生产率和(或)单个要素产出效率。本文采用面板数据随机系数模型对政府支出的影响进行了实证研究。结果表明:政府支出规模大的地区,政府支出可提高全要素生产率,但会降低单个要素效率;而政府支出规模较小的地区,其政府支出可改善单个要素效率,但对全要素生产率的影响显著为负。总体上,政府支出规模越大,资本和劳动的产出效率越低,说明政府干预会降低经济资源的配置和使用效率。因此,前者可适当降低政府支出规模,同时加大对技术研发的支持力度;而后者由于市场竞争使技术创新成为经济主体的自觉行动,其技术进步不需要扩大政府支出的激励,政府支出应主要用于改善资本和劳动的效率。     

环境效率评价及其影响因素的区域差异

本文基于SBM模型运用2000-2009年省级面板数据,测算了我国各省区环境效率,同时利用面板数据模型对影响环境效率的因素进行实证检验。结果表明:全国环境效率整体水平呈现下降的趋势,各区域环境效率差异较大;经济规模、产业结构、对外开放程度、政府规制和地区因素对我国环境效率均有显著影响,并且发现这些因素对于不同区域的影响程度存在差异;最后探讨我国环境投资对环境效率影响的区域性差异。     

金融发展、政府支出结构与地区经济增长

以边际贡献为核心指标,运用1999—2008年中国31个省份的面板数据,对四类地方政府支出对经济增长效应的分析表明,各类支出均会以边际贡献递减的方式显著影响经济增长,金融发展水平和金融政策也会对其增长效应发挥作用。适度扩大地方政府支出,提高社保类支出比重,仍是促进地区经济增长的可选手段。加大转移支付力度,优化政府支出的地区结构,改善欠发达地区的金融状况,则是提高政府资金使用效率的必要条件。     

政府财政支出对服务业技术效率提升的影响

借助随机前沿生产函数模型（SFA）,使用1997-2012年的省级面板数据, 同时利用樊纲的市场化指数研究结果,对我国服务业技术效率的影响因素进行了实证分析,特别是对以政府财政支出来衡量的政府行为对服务业技术效率的影响给予了理论和实证分析。结果显示,政府财政支出带来的正外部性作用促进了长三角经济圈的服务业技术效率,提升了服务业的劳动生产率,这一结论支持了有关建立长三角地区经济管理局的政策建议。     

政府教育投入产出效率的区域差异——基于东、中、西部的面板数据

教育投入的直接产出为人力资本,间接产出为对经济增长的作用。运用卢卡斯模型和经过改进的柯布道格拉斯生产函数,对1996—2006年中国东、中、西部教育经费、GDP、人力资本存量、劳动力的面板数据进行不同地区基础教育投入产出差异的实证分析。结果表明：直接产出效率为西部〉东部〉中部;间接产出效率为西部〉中部〉东部。显然,西部教育投入具有更高的产出效率,政府对西部地区应侧重增加教育投资,对东部地区应侧重进行教育体制机制创新。     

纵向财政不平衡对中国省际基础教育服务绩效的影响

分税制改革引致了我国地区间的纵向财政不平衡,同时政府偏好有助于GDP增加的“硬公共产品”供给决策,导致了我国地区间基础教育服务绩效的不平衡。运用中国1998～2011年省际面板数据进行分析,得出结论：经济发达地区的纵向财政不平衡与基础教育服务绩效水平显著负相关;财政支出分权实际上有利于提高基础教育服务绩效;在地理环境较差地区,财政分权对基础教育服务绩效水平的促进效应显著下降。缩小纵向财政不平衡、提高财政支出分权程度、教育财政支出适当向中西部地区倾斜有助于实现我国基础教育服务绩效的均衡。     

政府财政支出对服务业技术效率提升的影响——基于长三角的实证研究

借助随机前沿生产函数模型(SFA),使用1997-2012年的省级面板数据,同时利用樊纲的市场化指数研究结果,对我国服务业技术效率的影响因素进行了实证分析,特别是对以政府财政支出来衡量的政府行为对服务业技术效率的影响给予了理论和实证分析。结果显示,政府财政支出带来的正外部性作用促进了长三角经济圈的服务业技术效率,提升了服务业的劳动生产率,这一结论支持了有关建立长三角地区经济管理局的政策建议。     

金融发展与经济增长:政府干预重要吗

在金融市场不完善的情况下,政府通常通过金融规模和金融效率两个渠道,影响金融的资源配置功能,进而影响经济增长。基于1992~2010年中国分省面板数据,运用系统GMM方法实证检验政府干预下的金融对经济增长的影响。研究发现,金融规模不断扩张对经济增长具有不利影响,政府干预可以减少这种不利影响,金融效率的提高能促进经济增长,政府干预则阻碍了金融效率对经济的促进作用。     

核心通货膨胀理论综述

本文基于实体经济运行的视角主要探讨了金融系统是否发挥了改善我国地区实体经济资本配置效率的功能.文章以1999-2006年间中国30个地区27个工业行业为样本,借助Wur-gler(2000)的资本配置效率估算模型,构建了非国有部门信贷比重等衡量金融发展程度的指标,并运用系统广义矩面板估计方法等进行实证检验.结果显示:金融发展促进了中国地区实体经济资本配置效率的提高,同时当进一步考虑地方政府对银行信贷决策干预的影响时,地方政府的干预却会妨碍金融系统对中国地区实体经济资本配置效率改善功能的有效发挥.     

产业结构视角下地方政府竞争对绿色经济效率的影响

在理论机理分析的基础上,基于2004—2016年中国249个地级及以上城市的面板数据,采用系统广义矩估计方法和中介效应模型,实证分析了地方政府竞争对绿色经济效率的影响。结论如下:整体来看,地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争不仅可以直接抑制绿色经济效率的提升,还会通过引致产业结构的工业化抑制绿色经济效率的提升,就总效应而言,地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争仍抑制了绿色经济效率的提升,稳健性检验支持以上观点;分地区、城市规模看,东部、中部、西部和中等城市、小城市地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争均能通过引致产业结构的工业化来抑制绿色经济效率的提升,大城市地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争未能通过引致产业结构的工业化来抑制绿色经济效率的提升。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。