连锁商业企业规模扩张的经济学解析

连锁商业是一种规模经济较为明显的商业组织形式。连锁企业在发展中普遍通过规模扩张来实现规模经济效益。但是,我国连锁企业在规模扩张中存在某些概念及其实质混淆不清,由此造成了实践中的许多偏差。本文通过对连锁企业规模扩张进行理论梳理,重新界定连锁企业的规模扩张,分析探索其内在规律,以期对我国连锁企业的规模扩张提供有益的启示。     

规模经济理论下的贸易收益

本文从对传统Ｈ－Ｏ理论中贸易收益及其假定的分析入手，对规模经济条件下的贸易收益从内部规模经济、外部规模经济和动态规模经济三种不同角度对相关理论作了较为系统地分析介绍及评价     

对规模经济的几点再认识

在经济学中,规模经济是指企业在适度的生产要素的投入量组合中才能取得一定的经济效益。按实现方式的不同规模经济可分为两种,一种是企业内部规模经济,一种是外部规模经济Ｚ在特定的市场中,规模经济可以分为绝对规模经济和相对规模经济。加快经济发展,培育具有规模经...     

媒体兼并，成败未卜 《世界广播电视参考》2005年1月刊

国外一项研究表明，媒体企业的规模(以销售额衡量)与经济表现(以边际利润率衡量)之间并不存在正向的关联。尽管企业管理人士和分析人士认为，一个企业的规模会给它带来各种经济上的协同效应，但在这项研究中，该预想并未被证实。同样，一般理论认为，通过不同产业的兼并融合可以生发出协力优势，例如跨媒体广告以及对不同行业的同一价值载体进行跨媒体开发。     

从西方经济学的生产规模收益论到我国经济增长方式的转变

西方经济学的生产理论中关于生产规模收益问题主要分析企业生产规模变化所引起的产量变化导致规模收益不同及其内在联系。这一原理为我国当前实行的经济增长方式的根本性墨迹提供了理论基础,深刻领会生产规模收益论对于我们最终实现经济增长方式的根本性墨迹具有十分重要意义。     

刍议电子商务条件下交易成本与企业规模

传统的微观经济学理论认为,交易活动是稀缺的,交易成本不为零。企业的存在是为了节约交易成本。电子商务与传统交易有很大不同,前者可以通过降低企业交易前、交易中和交易后的交易成本,降低企业的边际交易成本水平。由于边际交易成本水平的降低,企业边际组织成本必然相应降低,从而导致企业规模变小。由此,在电子商务条件下,经济规模之扩张与交易成本之降低并非互斥。     

物流园区成长路径研究

根据系统学理论,系统是不同元素按照一定方式相互联系而成的整体,系统是元素与结构的统一,系统的变化是元素与结构变化的统一.物流园区是由不同企业构成的,这些企业之间存在一定的经济技术联系,困区内企业可以看成是元素,它们之间的关系可以看成是结构,因而物流园区可以看成一个企业系统.由企业成长理论可知,企业的成长既包括规模的变化,也包括结构的演进.同理,物流园区作为一个企业系统,其成长路径也应包括规模扩张与结构演进.物流园区的规模扩张有增量扩张与存量扩张两种方式,并存在规模扩张的边界;物流园区的结构演进则反映在物流园区系统结构中同一层次及不同层次之闻关系发生的渐进式变化.     

零售企业规模经济的实证分析——百货、超市和专业店的角度

理论界对零售企业是否存在规模经济有不同的结论。本文利用沪深股市中的百货类零售业上市公司资料和中国连锁经营协会公布的中国连锁百强企业统计数据，分业态对2005年百货业企业、连锁超市业企业和家电专业店企业的规模与效率间的关系进行检验，结论为百货店和家电专业店存在规模经济而连锁超市存在规模不经济。     

连锁企业规模扩张的理论思考

连锁商业是一种规模经济较为明显的商业组织形式。连锁企业在发展中普遍具有规模扩张的本能，通过规模扩张来实现规模经济效益。但是，我国连锁企业的规模的扩张存在一些问题，尤其是某些基本概念混淆不清，这造成了实践中的许多偏差。因此，本文通过对连锁企业规模扩张进行理论梳理，重新界定连锁企业的规模扩张，分析探索其内在规律，以便提供对我国连锁企业规模扩张的有益启示。     

基于规模经济的汽车货运站场发展策略分析

汽车货运站场作为公路货运网络的节点,其规模制约着货物运输网络系统整体能力的发挥,本文在规模经济理论分析的基础上,对汽车货运站场的规模经济理论进行分析,提出应通过网络化经营、连锁经营、构建信息网络、技术创新等发展策略来实现汽车货运站场规模经济。     

Sectoral Differences in Plant Start-up Size in the Finnish Economy

New knowledge on the factors behind the choice of plant entry scale is important for understanding the entry process and the recruitment decisions of new plants in different sectors of the economy. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of various industry attributes on plant start-up size, measured with employment, using data on the entire Finnish business sector. The paper extends previous research by examining the differences between manufacturing and services and by using a richer set of explanatory variables. The relative importance of the covariates for different-sized entrants is taken into account by using a quantile regression approach. The results for manufacturing and services are remarkably similar. However, the findings imply that in the future analysis it is also important to consider the effect of the regional availability of educated and experienced work force on plant start-up size in these two sectors. The findings on the importance of scale economies and industry turbulence in determining start-up size correspond to the earlier studies. The results also show that single plant and multiplant entrants face a rather different entry environment. In addition, the employment share of foreign-owned entrants in the industry has to be taken into account.     

Customs-related Transaction Costs,Firm Size and International Trade Intensity

customs are generally perceived as a time-consuming impediment to international trade. However, few studies have empirically examined the determinants and the impact of this type of government-imposed transaction costs. This paper analyses the role of firm size as a determinant of customs-related transaction costs, as well as the effect of firm size on the relationship between these costs and the international trade intensity of firms. The results of this study indicate that customs-related transaction costs repress international trade activities of firms, even at low levels of these costs. The paper identifies transaction-related economies of scale, simplified customs procedures and advanced information and communication technology as main determinants of customs-related transaction costs. It is shown that when these factors are taken into account, firm size has no effect on customs-related transaction costs. Policy implications are considered for firm strategy and public policy.     

拥挤效应、经济增长与城市规模

本文运用新古典经济的框架建立了一个经济增长模型,系统分析了拥挤效应、经济增长与城市规模的关系。假设城市规模扩大产生集聚效应并反映为拥挤效应的降低,将拥挤效应作为影响经济增长的因素纳入生产函数,分析经济稳态的演化路径,得出最优的城市规模、合理的城市拥挤程度和稳定的经济增长速度,并分析扰动稳态的变量对演化路径的影响,据此给出了一个估算最优城市规模的简单模型的结论。研究表明在不同条件下城市的最优规模是可变的,不存在统一的最优城市规模,城市化进程应该适度有序的进行。     

Technical efficiency and productivity growth of entrant firms in the retail sector in Spain

This paper analyses efficiency and productivity growth in relation to size, and age and for both entrant and incumbent firms using a birth cohort approach for the period 1995–2003 for two sectors, non-specialized shop (521) and specialized shop (524) three-digit NACE. On the one hand, our results indicate the existence of statistically significant differences among entrant and incumbent firms by size. Also, we found differences according to the start up size in relation to membership of the birth cohort and activity sectors. On the other hand, productivity growth shows that, in general, the larger entrants in the non-specialized sector obtained higher productivity than did small firms. This phenomenon was not observed in the specialized sector, where firms worsened in productivity in most of the cohorts and we did not find significant differences in productivity growth between large and small firms. Efficiency changes tend to be a positive contributor to total factor productivity change, but technical change tends to be a negative contributor for both sectors. A deeper analysis of the efficiency changes (catching up) has shown that these improvements are generally attributed to pure technical efficiency and the scale.     

Firm Size,Wages and Production Technology

Large firms pay higher wages than small ones. In this paper, the employer-size wage effect is derived with the help of a simple Nash-bargaining model where size is captured by the extent to which the production technology exhibits economies of scale. It can be shown that under reasonable assumptions an increasing returns to scale technology leads to higher wages than a constant or decreasing returns to scale technology.     

董事会规模影响财务舞弊的机理及其实证检验

文章以董事会的监督职能和成员知识互补效应为基点,利用路径分析方法,较为细致地考察了董事会规模对财务舞弊的直接影响,并以企业绩效为中间变量研究了董事会规模对财务舞弊的间接影响.结果表明:由于董事会监督作用的发挥,董事会规模与财务舞弊直接负相关,其边际监督能力随着董事会规模的扩大先增强而后减弱;企业经营绩效与财务舞弊负相关,董事会成员间的知识互补效应导致董事会规模通过企业绩效而与财务舞弊负相关.董事会改革的方向之一是以专业董事替代非专业董事.     

Linking customer resources to firm success: The role of marketing program implementation

Drawing from both resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, this research investigates how customer resources (i.e., knowledge and network size) influence firm performance through marketing program implementation. The current research shows that customer resources are critical to the development and execution of marketing programs, which can then lead to firm success. Through surveying 269 retailers, this study finds that while customer knowledge directly affects marketing program implementation, it does not directly influence firm performance. In contrast, customer network size not only directly contributes to marketing program implementation and firm performance, but also serves as a significant moderator.     

企业组织文化差异的实证研究

目前国内关于企业文化与企业经营绩效关系的研究较多,但对在不同影响因素下的组织文化或企业文化的差异的实证研究很少。在实际企业管理中,有必要对在不同影响因素下企业的文化作一差异分析,以对企业的组织文化建设、人力资源管理提供具有指导意义的研究结果。     

Economies of scale in grocery retailing in Finland

This paper considers the question of store-level economies of scale in grocery retailing. Hedonic price and cost functions are used in modelling the price and cost structure of retailers, but without making the assumption of constant mark-ups, as normally done in hedonic price studies. The main result of the paper is that store-level economies of scale do exist in grocery retailing: large stores have on average 10% lower costs per sold unit than small stores. The second major finding is that most of the benefits from scale economies are passed on to consumers: the price level of large stores is 10% lower on average than of small stores.     

会计师事务所规模与审计质量——基于审计意见视角的经验研究

文章利用沪深两市上市公司2007-2008年数据,以审计意见类型作为审计质量的替代变量,并分别以业务收入、CPA人数和从业人员人数来衡量事务所规模,检验事务所规模与审计质量之间的关系。结果发现,无论采用何种方法度量事务所规模,其与审计质量之间均未表现出显著的正向关系。进一步的研究发现,事务所规模与审计质量之间大体上呈倒U相似文献