纳米材料及其在功能性纺织品中的应用

纳米材料与技术是当今世界研究和开发的热点,纳米材料的优异性能使其在纺织领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了国内外纳米材料与技术的发展概况,以及纳米材料不同于常规材料的性能,列举了纳米材料与技术在加工功能性纤维、功能性纺织品以及纳米纤维的制备等方面的应用,对纳米材料应用技术的发展方向提出了建议。     

纳米材料自修复效果的系统评测项目

纳米材料作为润滑液的添加剂使用,对减摩抗磨起到一定作用。不同的纳米材料具有不同的特性,与各种润滑液的结合需要采用不同的修饰方法。润滑液中纳米添加剂含量、纳米材料的结构、表面形状、尺寸大小,都影响纳米材料性能的最佳发挥。建立纳米材料自修复效果系统评测项目,使选用者能够根据不同纳米材料的评测参数或性能,结合产品的摩擦结构和使用状况,正确选择和使用纳米添加剂。     

国际

欧盟提议标示纳米材料近日,欧盟提议将纳米材料纳入欧盟的Reach系统(负责化学物质的注册、评估、批准、限制)中,并要求在纳米产品的使用标签上,标明其纳米材料含量。比利时消费者保护和环境保护部长Paul Magnette称,消费者日常生活中使用纳米材料的数量正在呈上涨趋势,但消费者对纳米材料并不了解。当前的法     

金属氧化和硫属化合物纳米材料的液相制备与性质探析

石墨、金刚石等碳材料具有独特的物化性质,因此长期以来都获得了研究者的广泛关注。其中碳纳米管等纳米材料由于在光学、电学、热学等方面的优良性质,更是成为了高科技领域研究热点。为了有效利用并发挥出碳材料的这些性质上的优势,研究人员开始将碳材料作为载体,研制各种有机、无机材料,并优化了现有的纳米材料性能,推进纳米材料广泛应用。其中金属氧化和硫属化合物纳米材料是纳米材料中性能较为优越的一种类型,本文主要探究了其制备方法与性质     

关注

国家发布七项纳米材料国家标准日前,国家质量检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会联合召开了《纳米材料术语》(GB/T19619-2004)等七项纳米材料国家标准新闻发布会。这七项国家标准于2004年9月29日和12月27日经国家标准化管理委员会批准,并于2005年1月公告,将于2005年4月1日正式实施。这是我国首次批准发布的关于纳米材料的国家标准,也是世界上首次以国家标准形式颁发的纳米材料标准。标志着我国纳米材料标准化工作已经走到了世界的前列。这七项国家标准包括一项术语标准,两项监测标准和四项产品标准,其发布实施对规范纳米材料市场、支持高技术含量的产品应用、促进我国纳米材料生产健康快速发展起到了积极的作用。(苏讯)     

离子液体制备无机纳米“材料”研究进展

离子液体在纳米材料制备方面具有很多优势,为纳米材料的制备开辟了一条新的途径。目前,研究者已经在离子液体中制备出了零维、一维和二维纳米材料。文章就近年来国内外相关研究进展,对离子液体在无机纳米材料合成中的应用进行综述。     

试述聚乙烯纳米材料发展现状及前景

聚乙烯纳米材料在现代社会中的运用非常广泛,随着化工技术的发展以及社会的进步,聚乙烯纳米材料的制作工艺越来越高,在各行各业的应用中也越来越广泛。我们通过对聚乙烯纳米材料的发展现状进行研究,试图探索出其发展前景,从而引起人们对聚乙烯纳米材料的重视。     

基于纳米颗粒的微阵列电极的特性及研究现状

纳米材料的微阵列电极近年来发展迅速,基于纳米材料的许多优良特性和微阵列的特性,使纳米微阵列电极集成了很多优异的性能,使其在电分析化学、生物传感器和电催化反应中有着广泛的应用。本文介绍基于纳米材料的微阵列电极的特性和其应用的有关进展情况。     

碳纳米材料在生物医学领域的应用现状及展望

纳米材料的发明及使用在世界上的影响范围是非常大的,且引起了生产领域的重大变化。碳纳米材料作为纳米材料的一种,由于其独特的物理特性和化学特性,在生物学领域的应用研究非常的广泛,同时,碳纳米材料的使用有效的促进了生物学领域的发展,为人类的生产生活带来了重大的变革。本文写作的关键是对碳纳米材料在生物学领域的发展现状进行简要的分析及对其未来的发展前景做了简要的论述。     

纳米材料的特性及在纺织上的应用

早在1992年我国纳米材料研究就得到国家科委的大力支持，几年来纳米材料科学研究已取得了很大的成绩，使我国在国际上占有一席之地，已成功制备了金属，合金，离子晶体，陶瓷，氧化物，氮化和,半导体等多种纳米材料，发现了与小尺寸效应，界面效应，量子尺寸效应和量子限域，介电限域效应有关的新现象，纳米材料研究的新，是在纳米材料研究的基础上通过纳米合成，纳米添加发展新型的纳米材料，并通过纳米添加对传统材料进行改性，扩大纳米材料的应用范围。     

基于供应链的煤炭企业物资精细化管理研究

基于先进的供应链管理思想和物资管理现状,提出大型煤炭企业应构建新型多层级一体化的物资精细管理模式,依托信息化平台建设,实施物资供应集约化管理。并从业务流程再造、制度建设、人才培养、信息化平台和物资管理环节建设等角度全面分析了实现新型物资管理模式的关键点。     

浅谈油田机关库存物资产品质量的管理与控制

库存物资产品管理是企业管理工作的一项重要内容,是企业工作中的一个重要环节。库存量的大小、库存物资产品管理的好坏，对企业的会计核算，乃至企业效益有很大影响，是企业管理中一项不可忽视的重要工作。阐述了物资产品库存质量和供给的做法，提出了物资产品库存改革的方向。     

Perceptions of Material Resources in Innovation Projects: What Shapes Them and How Do They Matter?

Studies on the role of material resources for team performance in innovation projects have provided inconclusive results. This paper focuses on team members' perceptions of the provided material resources' adequacy to address this gap. Understanding what drives perceptions of material resource adequacy may not only reconcile conflicting results in the literature, but may also provide much‐needed guidance for project funding, so as to maximize innovation project performance. Further, the analyses in this paper differentiate between two outcome dimensions of innovation project performance, namely, the degree of new product quality and new product novelty, and thus offer a more fine‐grained analysis of the relationship between perceptions of material resource adequacy and innovation project teams' performance. The posited hypotheses are tested using a sample consisting of survey data from 121 innovation projects in the electronics industry. To avoid common source bias, data from different respondent groups, that is, team leaders, team members, and team external managers of the examined innovation projects, were used. The results of the regression analyses identify team potency and workload as socio‐cognitive drivers of innovation project teams' perceptions of material resource adequacy. Moreover, it is found that perceived material resource adequacy relates positively to new product quality, while it relates negatively to new product novelty. This paper thus provides an important step toward disentangling the ambiguity surrounding the relationship between material resource adequacy and innovation project teams' performance, showing that a key finding of cognitive psychology seems to hold also on the team level of inquiry: the significant influence of socio‐cognitive factors on perceptions. This finding paves the way for putting more attention in research on innovation and project management on cognitive aspects, in particular considering mechanisms behind the formation of team perceptions. Further, the results provide evidence for differential effects of perceived material resource adequacy on innovation project performance, depending on the indicators used for measuring the outcomes of an innovation project. This contributes necessary detail to studying the relationship between material resource adequacy and innovation project performance, which so far has produced inconclusive results, suggesting that these contradictions might result to a large degree from different operationalizations of innovation project performance. On a practical level, the findings of this paper suggest that material resource adequacy seems not to be a catch‐all variable, influencing innovation project outcomes in a uniform way. It appears to be a useful lever for influencing team outcomes depending on the desired result, which may be manipulated by shaping team variables that exert a systematic influence on perceptions of material resource adequacy.     

The influence of material resources on innovation projects: the role of resource elasticity

More (rather than fewer) material resources are thought to be the key driver in innovation project performance. Recent empirical evidence, however, suggests that the influence of material resource availability on innovation projects is not as simple and straightforwardly positive as it may seem. We build on the concept of an innovation project team's resource elasticity to disentangle the material resource–innovation output conundrum. This concept is analogous to the marketing concept of price elasticity and points to four types of innovation project teams based on their resource elasticity: In resource‐elastic teams, the relationship between material resources and innovation outcomes is positive (hence, they are ‘resource driven’ when able to dispose of adequate material resources or ‘resource victims’ when lacking these material resources). In contrast, and as a significant departure from previous work, resource‐inelastic teams show no or even a negative relationship between material resource adequacy and team performance (thus, the teams are ‘resourceful’ if they can perform with limited material resources or ‘resource burners’ if they show low success with adequate material resources). Because neither adequate nor inadequate material resources seem to be a reliable predictor of success, we synthesize empirical research efforts that point to each team type's key characteristics to derive novel implications for managing innovation projects.     

煤炭企业材料成本管理体系探究

基于材料成本作为原煤生产总成本主要组成部分为切入点,提出建立材料成本管理体系的观点,并详细阐述体系中各部分内容与方法,提出进一步完善材料成本管理体系的相关举措,以求有效降低成本,提高企业利润。     

对煤炭企业物资供应管理信息化建设的思考

为了提高煤炭企业物资供应管理水平,构建科学、规范、高效的物资供应管理信息化体系,文章分析了当前煤炭物资供应管理信息化建设面临的主要问题,并提出相应对策。     

植物纤维复合包装材料缓冲性能模型研究

根据农作物秸秆纤维复合材料静、动态测试数据,对该材料的缓冲性能进行分析;利用S—F本构关系框架,考虑到材料密度、形状函数、应变及应变率等影响因素,建立了复合包装材料的静态压缩本构模型和非线性动态压缩本构模型;并利用实验数据成功识别模型参数。结果表明,该本构模型和实验数据有很高的一致性,为解决农作物秸秆缓冲包装材料的缓冲包装设计、深入研究其缓冲性能、进一步开发利用农作物秸秆提供了重要的理论依据。     

大型煤炭企业供应商管控模式构建与实践

以冀中能源股份有限公司为例,论述了煤炭企业构建供应商管控模式的必要性和可行性,通过对物资采购管理模式的不断摸索、总结归纳和持续创新,建立了动态管理的物资采购供应商管控新模式,形成了对供应商规范、科学的评价选择体系,从而实现物资管理合理化、效益最大化,提高企业的竞争力。     

组织技术和物质条件对组织文化形成和发展的影响研究

通过本文的研究,明确了组织技术和物质条件和组织文化的形成和发展之间的关系,提出组织技术和物质条件在组织文化形成和发展的过程中扮演的角色,为进一步研究组织技术和物质条件影响组织文化的形成和发展,以及组织文化对组织技术和物质条件的优化、组合、创新和发展提出的要求打下坚实的基础。     

Timing Product Replacements under Uncertainty—The Importance of Material–Price Fluctuations for the Success of Products That Are Based on New Materials

Being first to market with new products is one of the most enduring pieces of strategic advice handed to managers. This view also emphasizes the importance of launching new products that are based on new materials as soon as possible. However, when the input costs of products that embody new materials are uncertain because of volatile material prices, the advantage of being an early mover comes along with the risk of paying unexpectedly high material prices. Real‐option theory suggests delaying material substitution under uncertainty even if the new material enables superior product performance. Firms who have created the flexibility to switch between alternative inputs can benefit from responding to opportunities or threats that arise from changes in the environment. The current study formalizes this logic in a switching‐option model and tests it on a sample of material substitution projects from the manufacturing sector. Our findings shed light on how input‐cost fluctuations influence the timing–performance relationship and bring into question the common advice to launch new products as soon as possible. Instead, our results suggest that firms who align the timing of market launch to trends and fluctuations of material prices improve their competitive positions. These insights suggest novel ways for new product development (NPD) managers how to successfully use external information at the back‐end of the NPD process and how to compete in an era defined by volatile material prices and technological change.