正确处理主辅分离辅业改制工作中的若干关系

主辅分离改革顺利推进 ,需要认真处理四大关系 :充分认识主辅不分的弊端 ,按市场机制规范主业与辅业的关系 ,正确处理局部利益和全局利益的关系 ;把握机遇用足政策 ,为主辅业发展创造良好条件 ,正确处理分离改制和主辅业发展的关系 ;科学界定 ,用好政策 ,正确处理支付改革成本与防止国有资产流失的关系 ;讲清道理理顺情绪 ,创造平稳过渡的环境 ,正确处理改革、发展、稳定的关系。     

铁路多元经营企业投资主体多元化的思考

为推进铁路主辅分离、辅业改制,从论述铁路多元经营企业产权结构、投资主体、资产管理体制、组织管理关系等方面入手,指出并分析影响多经企业实现投资主体多元化的主要问题,提出理顺产权及组织管理关系、推行泛员工持股制度、优选战略投资者和疏通资本退出通道等对策。     

铁路主辅分离界定和关系问题的研究

阐述了中国铁路在改革和跨越式发展中实施主辅分离的重要性和必要性 ,探讨了如何科学界定铁路主业和辅业 ,分析了在实施铁路主辅分离工作中应注重理顺和解决好的几个关系问题。     

卷首语

2003年年底，铁道部召开了推进铁路主辅分离辅业改制和再就业工作座谈会、全路推进辅业资产重组和经营开发工作会议，并印发了《关于推进铁路主辅分离辅业改制和做好再就业工作的指导意见》，明确了5年内基本实现铁路主辅分离和辅业改制的总体目标，其中2004年-2005年的重点是推进资产重组和经营开发，加快多元经营发展，为辅业改制分离创造良好的条件。     

铁路辅业改制实施"一企一档"的思考

针对铁路运输企业在计划经济体制下形成的铁路资产“各管一段”的现状,在实施主辅分离辅业改制改革中,必须按经营业务项目划分主辅业界限,科学合理地确定其使用的资产,并建立台账,办理相关证件,真正做到“一企一档”,为精干运输主业、规范辅业,实现主辅分离、共同发展打好基础。     

对中国铁路主辅分离的思考

通过分析铁路辅业的现状和形成背景,从政企分开、产权改革、冗员分流、资源配置等几方面阐述了主辅分离的必要性和意义。同时论述了铁路主辅分离可能遇到的有关问题。     

落实跨越式发展战略 实施主辅阶段式分离的思考

准确划分铁路主业和辅业的范围、充分认识铁路主业和辅业在跨越式发展中的地位和作用是实施主辅分离的基本前提 ;应当针对不同地区与行业的状况和特点 ,突出重点、划分阶段、循序推进 ,逐步实现辅业平稳脱钩 ;为确保主辅阶段式分离目标的实现 ,具体实施过程中 ,需考虑保持分离的稳定性、做到分离的协同性、强调发展的平衡性、实现主辅的互利性。     

铁路辅业资产管理有效形式的探索与思考

从辅业资产管理问题产生的背景及理论依据分析入手 ,结合铁路辅业资产管理的实际 ,借鉴有关大型国有企业的做法和经验 ,围绕辅业资产管理由谁管、管什么、如何管等重点、焦点问题 ,对铁路辅业资产的管理问题进行了探讨     

改革产权制度 优化资源配置 提升多经企业市场化运作水平

认为铁路多元经营企业改革产权制度 ,优化资源配置 ,提高市场化运作水平是实施主辅分离、辅业改制的必由之路。结合南昌铁路局具体情况 ,论述了如何推进多经企业产权制度改革 ,实施混合型经营战略 ,建立资本经营、扩张、退出和防范风险机制 ,规范公司治理结构 ,建立以人力资本为重点的激励与约束机制。     

浅谈航空运输企业重组中的思想政治工作

当前，随着航空集团公司重组工作的展开，企业内部改革也在不断地深化。在精干主业、剥离辅业、资产重组的过程中，结构、管理、人员和生产运营的整合得到了优化，给企业增添了生机与活力，同时也给思想政治工作带来严峻的挑战。     

铁路客票发售与预订系统风险评估研究

随着科学技术的发展,我国铁路互联网售票日益重要,随之而来的安全风险问题日益突出。信息安全风险评估的3个要素包括:资产、威胁和脆弱性。我国铁路客票发售与预订系统主要面临的安全威胁包括:基础环境的风险、外部威胁的风险、业务系统的风险、管理和人员问题的风险因素集合。基于铁路客票发售与预订系统的架构和业务特性,提出了一种适用于铁路客票发售与预订系统的风险评估模型,通过对某铁路局集团公司铁路客票发售与预订系统子系统实际测试,表明该模型具有良好的可操作性。     

Aviation insurance and the implementation of the small aircraft transportation system

Aviation insurance is a unique field from a business, legal, and regulatory standpoint. Issues such as risk management, contracts, and liability raise particular challenges within this highly specialized market. The implementation of the small aircraft transportation system (SATS), as envisioned by NASA and its industry and academic partners entails a thorough analysis of aviation insurance to determine whether the current market structure could support this major policy initiative. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the current legal, regulatory, and market environments on the implementation and development of SATS. The primary goal is to determine what obstacles these conditions would raise vis-à-vis SATS’ implementation. We also seek to identify strategies, alternatives, and regulatory policies that would help achieve a successful transition to a modern, efficient, and fully developed market for small aircraft transportation services.     

The value and usage of ticket flexibility for short haul business travellers

Fully flexible business class and “full economy” airline tickets are aimed at meeting the needs of business travellers whose travel requirements may change after a ticket is purchased. The provision of these products has implications for airlines’ revenue management systems, which may lead to overbooking and denied boarding. Low-cost carriers have developed a method by which tickets can be changed only when required. This paper investigates the usage and value of ticket flexibility by business travellers as the popularity of high fare-fully flexible tickets has fallen in recent years. A survey of 284 business travellers showed that business travellers change their flight arrangements in only 32% of short haul trips. A stated preference study investigated the likelihood of respondents to change tickets in three hypothetical scenarios. The results indicate that to extend a business trip for business purposes travellers are confident that their company will bear the cost of changing a ticket valuing additional time at about £54 per hour but that the value of personal time when travelling is fairly low at £15 per hour. The study concludes that business travellers do not need to change their tickets often and that when they do, low-cost carriers offer a more cost-efficient method of providing ticket flexibility. This pay-for-usage approach to ticket flexibility undermines the traditional airlines’ pricing structures and this has contributed to the reduced, relative value of business class and full economy class tickets for short haul air travel.     

Determinants of selection of full-service airlines and low-cost carriers—A note on business travellers in South Africa

The research conducted in South Africa follows similar studies conducted in UK and Brazil, in investigating factors that may influence business travellers in their selection of full-service airlines or low-cost carriers. On comparison of the studies, findings related to the influence of company size, loyalty programmes, in-flight service and airport lounge facilities appear to coincide but some differences in conclusions drawn on the influence of variables such as price and flight frequency were evident in South Africa.     

The impact of company-car taxation policy on travel behavior

This paper explores the impact of company car taxation on travel behavior. It focuses on a nationwide case study in Israel, which experienced a massive growth in the extent of company cars and which has implemented various policy changes in the taxation of company cars. A survey of 400 employees who have a company car and 230 employees who have only a privately owned car clearly points out the significant impact exerted by company cars on travel behavior, negatively affecting sustainable transportation development. The practice of and taxation policy in regard to the company car result in considerable extra mileage and encourage car usage by the employee's entire household. Changes in the taxation of a company car as well as in employer's policy toward company car usage may bring about a significant change in drivers' decisions regarding the willingness to have a company car and their travel behavior.     

Establishment of air transport undertakings – Towards a more holistic approach

This paper addresses the issue of principal place of business. Principal place of business can be interpreted in various ways in addition to its strict legal meaning in international air law. The term establishment is also relevant because since the Open Skies decisions of the European Court of Justice of 2002, this term has been used, although not reconciled with the existing aviation law regime. The interpretation of these terms is not only an academic exercise; airlines may be able to choose their hubs in relation to the meaning of their principal place of business, and exercise traffic rights from there. The same is true for the interpretation of the term establishment. Since airlines generate about 80% of their revenues from the operation of traffic rights, the choice of criteria for the determination of the term ‘principal place of businesses’ affecting role of airports as hubs under a modernised air law regime. This has practical relevance for the conduct of a future air transport policy.     

Port activities and the spatial structure of cities: the case of Freetown, Sierra Leone

Port activities often give rise to distinctive regions within their town or city and it might be expected that they would have on effect on the spatial differentiation and spatial structure of urban areas. However, urban spatial theory appears to ignore this possibility, urban structure models having little or nothing to say about the role of port activities in shaping the spatial structure of towns and cities. Given this, the paper investigates the possibility of port activities having influenced the spatial structure of Freetown, Sierra Leone. It discusses the historical development of the port and city as a framework for consideration of the role of port activities in shaping the growing urban area. Attention is focused particularly on those areas where the influence is clearest, i.e. the central area with its concentration of business, commercial and administrative activities, and on the location of modern industrial areas in the emerging metropolitan area. Other factors that have shaped the urban area are discussed also. It is argued that, whilst port activities have been important historically, other influences have become more significant as the basis of the economy has broadened, the structure of society has become more complex and the city has assumed additional functions. The findings are tested by a brief and preliminary examination of other port-cities in tropical Africa, establishing that spatial associations between port activities and the central business area and between them and industrial areas are common.     

A cross-country comparison of accommodation manager perspectives on online review manipulation

Accommodation businesses are increasingly dependent on a limited number of reservation platforms. A significant feature of these platforms is guest evaluations, which are transformed into ratings and rankings. As the positioning of the business in comparison to competitors determines customer demand, accommodation managers have considerable interest in maintaining or improving their online reputation. One response may be to engage in manipulation strategies. This paper presents the results of a survey including 270 hotel managers in five countries, Germany, Israel, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. Managers confirm growing competition as a result of ratings and rankings, and they report that guests are increasingly aware of the importance of reviews. To avert negative online feedback impacts, managers intervene strategically. The paper discusses new market pressures, emergent consumer judgement culture and consumer citizenship, opportunities for legal redress and the emerging importance of reputation management strategies.     

Are commercial revenues important to today's European air navigation service providers?

In this paper we discuss the role of commercial revenues in the economics of European air navigation service providers (ANSPs) starting with the legal definitions of commercial revenues as contained in the respective European Union legislation. Based on the investigation of European ANSPs annual reports and/or strategic documents, we define the attributes of a new commercial model in the provision of air navigation services (ANS). We provide evidence that several European ANSPs have already implemented all or a majority of the attributes typical for the new commercial model. Discussing demand-side and supply-side drivers which could spur or impede the commercial business of European ANSPs, we assume the commercialisation of European ANSPs will be reinforced in future. Therefore, we design a set of partial indicators which enable us to analyse the role of commercial revenues in the economics of ANSPs.     

The propensity of business travellers to use low cost airlines

The liberalisation of air transport regulations in the EU has led to the introduction of a number of new airlines serving short haul point to point routes (e.g. easyJet, Ryanair, Debonair, Virgin Express, Go and others). While some of these routes are clearly leisure oriented (e.g. Palma, Ibiza, Venice and Nice), anecdotal evidence suggests that a significant number of travellers are using these services for business related trips. A number of recent studies suggest that pressure is being brought to bear on business travellers to reduce travel expenditure (IATA, 1997. International Air Trasport Association, Press release, No. PS/13/9, 27 January 1997; Bender, A., Stephenson, F., 1998. Journal of Air Trasport Management 4 (2), 99–109; Mason, K.J., 1998. In: Selected Proceedings of the Eighth World Conference on Transport Research (forthcoming)). This paper details a stated preference (SP) survey of European business travellers to assess the propensity for business travellers to use short haul low cost airlines. The study assess the utility placed by travellers on price, airline reward schemes, flight frequency and in-flight comfort service attributes. Price is shown to be the most important purchase factor followed by in-flight comfort and then flight frequency. The study demonstrates the effect of company size on traveller's selection of these utilities.