共同治理逻辑下的人力资本会计研究

企业理论从“股东至上”演进到“共同治理”,客观需要人力资源会计的发展。尽管目前开始的人力资本产权会计研究把人力资本纳入了企业的权益资本,但并没有反映出人力资本会计核算与“共同治理”理论的内在逻辑一致性。本文指出了人力资本会计设计与核算需要体现的人力资本与物力资本“共同治理”的特征,分析讨论了人力资本的价值运动,提出了股权人力资本与非股权人力资本的会计核算模式,并就相应的会计报告进行了探讨。     

人力资源会计模式评价及建议

尽管劳动者权益会计模式具有独特的优势,但其成本较高。如果我们通过新的制度安排降低劳动者权益会计模式的成本,则该模式将是最佳选择。     

人力资源会计在高新技术企业的运用

本文探讨高新技术企业中,人力资源会计在发挥决策职能和控制职能时的作用,给出了人力资源会计新模式——劳动者权益会计,以期解决高新技术企业利用人力资本时的计量问题。     

发展金融科技与人力资本

本从发展金融科技的角度出发，说明“人”是金融IT珍贵的人力资本，并用人力资源会计的观点阐述金融科技人员的价值和权益。指出只有改变观念，善待人力资本，并建立人力资源会计，才能有效地促进金融科技的发展。     

小议人力资本会计

随着经济的发展,人力资本越来越被大家所重视,从而对会计领域提出了一个新的名词,即人力资本会计.本文从人力资本和人力资源着手,对人力资本会计的必要性进行了探讨,并对其相应的会计处理提出了一些建议.     

劳动者权益会计模式下各种计量方法的比较分析

目前 ,人力资源会计已日益成为会计界理论讨论的热点之一。在讨论中 ,更有人提出劳动者权益会计的观点 ,认为这是符合具有中国特色的人力资源会计的模式。其思路是 :企业在获取职工为其工作的权利时 ,视作职工对企业的劳动力投资 ,职工不再只是劳动者 ,也成为企业的权益人 ,并与物力投资者一起分享企业盈利。其实务为 :企业在职工加入时 ,一方面作为人力资产以增加资产数额 ,另一方面将职工作为投资者增加企业的权益 ,反映在劳动者权益帐户中。本文倾向于持劳动者权益会计模式的观点。但是 ,不论持哪一种模式的观点 ,对于有关人力资源的计量…     

论劳动者权益的性质——与阎达五教授和徐国君教授商榷

知识经济发展依赖的主要生产要素是人力资源,人力资源对社会经济的影响越来越大,作为经济管理的重要工具--会计也应把人力资源作为它研究的重要内容之一.会计界人士一直探讨如何把人力资源纳入会计的管理体系,并且构建了各种人力资源会计核算模式,其中,一种新的模式就是劳动者权益模式,它把劳动者权益作为新的会计要素予以确认,阎达五教授和徐国君教授在<会计研究>1999年第6期<人力资本的保值增值与劳动者权益的确立>一文中做了精辟的论述,其基本观点是: 1.劳动者是人力资源的所有者,有收益分配权.……人力资本的收益权是指人力资本的所有者在补偿了劳动者消耗,即得到了工资性收入的前提下,对人力资源的盈余价值--税后纯收益有参与分配的第一位的、天然的特权.     

人力资源的特性对构建人力资源会计模式的影响

企业人力资源是个人所拥有的知识、技能与能力的总和，是与企业物力资源相对应的概念。人力资源会计是把人力资源作为企业的一种资产，对其成本和价值进行确认、计量和记录，对其供给和需求进行预测，对其投资效益进行分析，作出人力资源投资决策分析，并将其结果提供给信息使用者的一种会计管理方法。主流人力资源会计理论从分析人力资源具有资产特性入手，强调人力资源可货币计量，揭示人力资源的耗费、补偿、投资、分配的相关技术方法和准则，确立了人力资源成本会计、人力资源价值会计和劳动者权益会计等具体模式。人力资源的资产特性与…     

浅谈人力资源会计

人力资源的本质是人的知识、技巧和能力，与人本身是不同的两个概念。所谓人力资源会计，就是把具有一定知识、技巧和创造财富能力的人，作为可计量的资本要素来进行会计核算．因此，人力资源会计也可以称为人力资本会计。人力资源会计产生和发展于二十世纪六七十年代，并在八十年代获得了广泛的应用．至今已经历了人力资源成本会计和人力资源价值会计两大模式的演进，并在对这两大模式扬弃的基础上开拓性地形成了劳动者权益会计模式这一最新发展。     

谈合伙企业人力资本会计信息披露的必要性

近年来,在我国会计审计、资产评估、法律咨询等行业中,出现了大量合伙企业。这类企业中,合伙人之间签订合伙协议,规定人力资本不仅可以参与出资,而且能够分享经营权益,其已经在财务上将人力认可为资本,但尚未在会计上加以合理确认并以会计信息方式披露。现行的合伙企业会计处理方法均没有合理地核算人力资本。这类企业虽     

人力资本及其对应人力资源的确认与计量问题研究

企业按照契约约定授予人力资源拥有者以权益性工具,才是会计确认人力资本的基本依据;对因授予人力资源拥有者以股票而确认的人力资本,应记入"股本"账户,对因授予人力资源拥有者以股票期权而确认的人力资本,应记入"资本公积"账户;与人力资本对应的人力资源,在收到时就是资产,但因不能储存而不应确认为资产,应立即确认为成本或费用;作为所授予权益性工具之对价的人力资源,应按相应权益性工具的公允价值计量,并以此计量相应的人力资本。     

国有产权、会计稳健性与权益资本成本——来自中国证券市场的证据

以2007～2008年上市公司为样本,实证检验了会计稳健性和权益资本成本的关系,以及国有所有权对二者关系的影响。结果表明:会计稳健性与权益资本成本负相关,而国有所有权则削弱了会计稳健性在降低权益资本成本方面的作用。     

基于广义资本的财务报告

随着经济形态从工业经济到知识经济的转变、发展观念从无限增长观到可持续增长观的转变、企业从"经济人"到"社会生态经济人"的转变,企业资本呈现出一种泛化的趋势,即从传统财务会计中的财务资本转变为了包括财务资本(债务资本、权益资本)、人力资本、组织资本、社会资本、生态资本等在内的广义资本。广义资本共同创造了企业价值,都应在企业享有相应的权益。所以,新经济时代的财务报告应为广义资本所有者提供其产权价值实现和保障情况的个性化的信息。     

Enhanced equity-credit modelling for contingent convertibles

Contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds are characterized by forced equity conversion under either an accounting or regulatory trigger. The accounting trigger occurs when the capital ratio of the issuing bank falls below some contractual threshold. Under the regulatory trigger, sometimes called the point-of-non-viability (PONV) trigger, the regulatory authority may enforce equity conversion when the financial health of the bank deteriorates to certain distressed level. In this paper, we propose an equity-credit modelling of the joint process of the stock price and the capital ratio that integrates both a structural approach for the accounting trigger and a reduced-form approach for the PONV trigger of equity conversion. We also construct effective Fortet algorithms and finite difference schemes for numerical pricing of CoCo bonds under various forms of equity conversion pay-off. The pricing properties of CoCo bonds are examined under different assumptions for the state-dependent intensity of the PONV trigger, the contractual specifications and market conditions.     

The Effect of Accounting Restatements on Earnings Revisions and the Estimated Cost of Capital

This paper examines the effect of accounting restatements on a firm's cost of equity capital. We show that, on average, accounting restatements lead to both decreases in expected future earnings and increases in the firm's cost of equity capital. Depending on the model used, relative percentage increases in the cost of equity capital average between 7 and 19% in the month immediately following a restatement. The relative increase in the cost of capital dissipates as time passes and after controlling for analyst forecast biases, but continues to average between 6 and 15% in the most conservative setting. We also show that restatements initiated by auditors are associated with the largest increase in the cost of capital, and that firms with greater leverage experience greater increases in their cost of capital. Overall, our evidence is consistent with accounting restatements lowering the perceived earnings quality of the firm and increasing investors' required rates of return.     

Disclosure Interactions and the Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence From the Spanish Continuous Market

Abstract:  The purpose of this paper is to provide some new evidence on the relationship between disclosure and the cost of equity capital. We propose a new specification for the empirical test based on the idea that in the previous models one crucial variable was missing: accounting policy choice. We test our theoretical hypothesis using a sample of Spanish firms quoted on the Spanish continuous market from 1999 to 2002. We adopt the ex-ante approach to measure the cost of equity capital, taking analysts predictions as a proxy for expected earnings. As an explanatory variable we use an index measuring annual report disclosure quality. This measure of disclosure is combined with a proxy for the accounting policy choice of the firm. We measure firms' conservatism using the modified Jones model of Dechow et al. (1995) to estimate discretionary accruals. Our results confirm that the relationship between disclosure and cost of capital is affected by the choice of accounting policy.     

Rethinking bank shareholder equity: The case of Deutsche Bank

We introduce and apply an innovative accounting approach to analyse the equity position of a European systemically important financial institution, Deutsche Bank, between 2001 and 2015. According to our findings, the actual contribution by shareholders to bank equity capital was limited, while shareholder payout policies, including share buybacks and trading on its own shares, were both material. These findings raise concerns on the actual capacity by shareholder equity to assure protection against (residual) risk and loss absorption. Customer and investor protections appear to lay with bank entity equity dynamics. These findings have implications for bank financial sustainability and resilience, company capital maintenance, and regulatory capital requirements. Further developments based upon this innovative methodology may improve on existing prudential and accounting regulations.     

The impact of SEC investigations and accounting and auditing enforcement releases on firms’ cost of equity capital

I study the impact of an SEC investigation (as captured by accounting and auditing enforcement releases) on a firm’s cost of equity capital. AAERs are often used in accounting literature as a proxy for fraudulent financial reporting. Fraudulent financial reporting should lead to an increase in cost of equity capital as a firm’s future cash flows become less certain. Overall, this study provides evidence of changes in cost of equity capital for firms targeted by an SEC AAER on the date the investigation is first made public.     

ACCOUNTING FOR THE COST OF CAPITAL: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION

One of accounting's oldest issues, accounting for interest costs, has become a subject of increased concern in recent years. This study empirically addresses the issue of whether the cost of equity capital should be charged against income. Fourteen measures of the cost of equity capital are examined. The empirical tests involve contemporaneous correlation of accounting betas for each income measure with market betas for a sample of 200 companies. The results of these association tests indicate that income measures, net of the cost of equity capital, may have greater information content than income as presently reported.     

Dividend Taxes and Implied Cost of Equity Capital

We estimate firm‐level implied cost of equity capital based on recent advances in accounting and finance research and examine the effect of dividend taxes on the cost of equity capital. We investigate whether dividend taxes affect firms' cost of capital by testing the relation between the implied cost of equity capital and a measure of the tax‐penalized portion of dividend yield, which we define as the product of dividend yield and the dividend tax penalty. The results generally support the dividend tax capitalization hypothesis. We find a positive relation between the implied cost of equity capital and the tax‐penalized portion of dividend yield that is decreasing in aggregate institutional ownership, our proxy for tax‐advantaged investors. The evidence in this study adds to the understanding of the effect of investor‐level taxes on equity value.