混沌理论在我国税收预测中的应用

本文利用非线性混沌动力学建立了税收的预测模型,对该模型的分岔、混沌及稳定性等特性进行分析,并且对我国1978～2001年的税收数据做了实证分析。结果表明:预测的精度达到了期望要求,明显高于非线性回归和灰色理论预测法的精度。     

混沌理论及其在经济系统中的应用

本文对混沌理论的演进、内容要点及对各学科的影响进行了概述 ,对经济系统混沌研究的意义及取得的若干成果进行了论述 ,并提出了经济系统混沌研究中存在的若干问题。     

混沌理论在经济系统中的应用

混沌（ｃｈａｏｓ）是系统不规则运动的一种表现形式。在经济系统中,许多经济现象从表面上看具有极不规则的特征,这就为人们试图用混沌理论和方法来研究经济生活提供了条件。混沌理论主要研究系统的“不稳定性”、“结构变化”对系统的影响,以及“非正常行为”出现的原因等,这恰与以往在经济理论和建模过程中以强调“稳定”、“均衡”,以及“合理行为”的方法形成鲜明的对照。混沌理论作为研究非线性动态系统的一门新兴科学,最初起源于数理科学,如今它的研究与应用已渗透到了许多学科领域。许多研究业已表明,象社会、经济、生态这些…     

我国货币政策非线性调控模式研究

通过构建考虑经济增长、物价稳定和房价平稳的多目标调控模型,从非线性调控模式的视角对我国货币政策进行考察,结果发现,我国货币政策的调控模式依赖于GDP增长率的实现程度、对通货膨胀的管控效果以及房价增长率的变动幅度,表现出多目标动态轮换关注的非线性调控模式.具体而言,我国货币政策对经济增长和物价稳定分别具有正向和负向的非对称偏好且对通货膨胀的调控力度不足,对房价的调控具有正向的非对称偏好且较依赖历史房价增速信息,这使得房价上涨产生了较强的惯性.这意味着改变货币政策的非对称调控偏好,特别是加大对通货膨胀上涨的调控力度,同时引导公众降低对房价增速的预期并加强对房价过快上涨的调控力度,对于提升我国货币政策的调控效果具有重要的现实意义.     

非线性混沌动力学在电力企业人力资源需求预测应用研究

混沌理论改变了人们对传统预测的认识,为复杂的系统的预测提供了新的方法和理论。文章利用非线性回归方程建立混沌动力学模型,并通过人力资源预测实例来验证该模型在预测方面具有较高的精确性。     

凯恩斯货币政策理论视角下我国货币政策浅析

本文在对凯恩斯货币政策传导理论进行学习的基础上,联系我国实际进行一些分析,以期能对我国的货币政策取向有所裨益。     

西方货币政策理论在我国面临的挑战

西方货币政策理论已形成了较为完整的体系，但是我国货币政策实践中遇到的问题独立于这个理论体系之外。本文试图在揭示这些冲突的基础上，为我国货币政策面临的困境寻找出路。     

混沌分形理论在经济及企业组织管理中的应用研究

混沌、分形理论是属于非线性范畴的。线性是简单的比例关系,是互不相干的独立贡献。线性关系保持讯号的频率或分不变。"线性关系只有一种,而非线性关系则千百变万化。每组具体的非线性关系刻画一种独特的行为。然而,各种非线性关系还可能具有不同于线性关系的共性。正是这些共性才导致了统一的非线性科学"[。1]非线性关系是对比例关系的偏离,相互作用,使频率结构发生变化。"自然界存在的绝大部分运动都是混沌运动,规则运动相对地只在局部的范围和时间内存在"。[2]混沌现象是普遍的。"对于自然界中的一切现象,不考虑非线性因素,不建立非线性模型,就无法真实而准确地反映现实客观规律"。[3]文章主要混沌理论、分形理论及其在经济学与管理学领域的应用等方面进行了分析和研究。     

我国货币政策执行效力区域性差异的理论解读

我国作为经济转轨时期的发展中大国,经济二元结构的存在已经是个不真的事实,并会导致金融二元结构.金融二元结构主要体现在地区间金融市场和金融中介的发展成熟程度的差异,而金融市场和金融中介又是货币政策传导机制的重要环节,因此,统一的货币政策通过金融市场和金融中介最终传导到企业和个人的效果就有可能存在差异,即统一货币政策的执行效力可能存在显著性的区域性差异.     

最优货币区理论与我国区域货币政策选择

经济学家对最优货币区划分标准的讨论,促进了最优货币区理论的发展。一国如忽视国内各地区经济发展的不均衡而实行单一的货币政策,其结果可能加剧区域经济的不平衡。我国一直实行单一的货币政策。为促进区域经济协调发展,我国应考虑针对区域经济差异实施区域化货币政策。     

Application of local projections in the monetary policy in Brazil

This article examines the relationship between selected monetary aggregates and inflation and output in Brazil. Impulse responses under VAR and local projections were used to discover the leading or lagging role of the monetary aggregates. In addition, the information provided by the monetary aggregates as predictors of output and inflation was examined. This was assessed by examining their predictive power for subsequent observations on an in-sample basis. Overall, the results indicate that in order to control inflation rates, Brazilian authorities should focus on restricting money supply rather than increasing interest rates.     

The effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy responses to twin crises

We study how effective fiscal and monetary policy responses are during a twin crisis. Using the dataset provided by Laeven and Valencia (2008 Laeven, L and Valencia, F. (2008) Systemic banking crises: a new database. IMF Working Paper No. 08/224 [Google Scholar]), we identify 57 episodes of twin crises. Following the methods proposed in Baldacci et al. (2009 Baldacci, E. 2009. Gupta, S. and Mulas-Granados, C., How effective is fiscal policy response in systemic banking crises?, IMF Working Paper No. 09/160 [Google Scholar]) and Hutchison et al. (2010 Hutchison, M. 2010. Noy, I. and Wang, L., Fiscal and monetary policies and the cost of sudden stops, Journal of International Money and Finance, 29, 973–87 [Google Scholar]), we construct the variables measuring the duration and output cost of a twin crisis. We find that fiscal policy does not seem to be associated with the shortening of a twin crisis. Regarding monetary policy, we find that monetary tightening is associated with the lengthening of a twin crisis duration, consistent with the result in Hutchison et al. (2010 Hutchison, M. 2010. Noy, I. and Wang, L., Fiscal and monetary policies and the cost of sudden stops, Journal of International Money and Finance, 29, 973–87 [Google Scholar]) dealing with a sudden stop crisis. In addition, our results show that while a mild monetary expansion is effective in reducing a twin crisis duration, over-expansionary monetary policy loses its effectiveness.     

A classroom experiment in monetary policy

The authors propose a classroom experiment implementing a simple version of a New Keynesian model suitable for courses in intermediate macroeconomics and money and banking. Students play as either the central bank or members of the private sector. The central banker sets interest rates to meet twin objectives for inflation and the output gap or to meet only an inflation target. In both settings, private sector agents are concerned with correctly forecasting the inflation rate. The authors show that an experiment implementing this setup is feasible and yields results that enhance understanding of the New Keynesian model of monetary policy. They propose alternative versions where the central bank is replaced by a policy rule and provide suggestions for discussing the experimental results with students.     

Bank diversification and monetary policy

Using bank-level data in Asia, we examine the relationship between the effectiveness of monetary policy and the business diversification of banks. We find that bank diversification enhances the effect of monetary policy.     

The transmission of euro area monetary policy to financially euroized countries

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the interest rate pass-through of euro area monetary policy to retail rates outside the euro area, contributing to the literature on the consequences of unofficial financial euroization and on the transmission channels of monetary policy spillovers. The results suggest that in the long run, more than the one-third of all euro retail rates in euroized countries of central, eastern, and south-eastern Europe is linked to the euro area shadow rate. Compared with euro area monetary policy, the share of cointegration of the domestic monetary policy rate is on average lower, suggesting that domestic central banks in euroized countries with independent monetary policy can only partially control the “euro part” of the interest rate channel. Furthermore, euro area monetary policy shocks are fast and persistently transmitted into euro retail rates outside the euro area, which constitutes an additional channel of international shock transmission.     

Carry trades and US monetary policy

I document that Federal Reserve expansionary monetary policy has a positive impact on the excess returns arising from currency carry trades. I show that expansive monetary surprises are associated with an increase in future real interest differentials between high interest rate currencies and the US dollar, which leads to higher capital flows toward those currencies and an increase in their returns. Since this increase is not fully compensated by a decrease in the returns from the short position in low interest rate currencies, unexpected monetary expansions in the US result in higher carry trade returns.     

Socially optimal monetary policy institutions

Research on the interaction between wage setters and central banks has shown that the classical dichotomy of monetary policy models in the tradition of Barro and Gordon [Journal of Political Economy 91 (1983) 589] does not hold if an inflation motive of wage setters is introduced. In this paper, the conditions for this result are re-examined under different assumptions concerning the exact timing of the strategic game, and the consequences for the socially optimal delegation rules and incentive contracts for central bankers are derived. It is shown that the relationship between central bank conservativeness and macroeconomic performance—and hence the design of optimal monetary policy institutions—is sensitive to the modelling choice. In particular, the case for an ultra-populist central banker is valid only under assumptions that appear to be quite unrealistic.     

Asymmetric monetary policy rules in Australia

In this study, the hypothesis that the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) implements an asymmetric monetary policy rule is tested. We estimate both linear and asymmetric monetary policy reaction functions for the period before inflation targeting was adopted, for the period when inflation targeting was explicitly adopted and for the full sample period. The results of the linear monetary policy rules are consistent with the estimates reported from other studies that estimate linear monetary policy rules for Australia. On the other hand, the results of estimating the asymmetric monetary policy rules for the pre-inflation targeting period shows that the RBA had reacted symmetrically, suggesting that it had acted with the same aggressiveness towards both inflation and output gaps of the same magnitude, over both phases of the business cycle. However, for the inflation targeting period, the results show that the RBA had reacted asymmetrically in its policy response to the inflation gap, output gap or both. A similar result is found for the full sample period. This asymmetric response supports the view that a non-linear monetary policy rule emanated from asymmetric preferences, rather than from the existence of a non-linear Phillips curve.     

Teaching courses in macroeconomics and monetary policy with Bloomberg analytics

In this article, the authors illustrate the use of Bloomberg for analyzing topics in macroeconomics and monetary policy in economics and finance courses. The hands-on experience that students gain from such a course has many benefits, including deeper learning and clearer understanding of data. The authors describe goals and learning objectives, then compare Bloomberg with Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). In addition, they provide examples of how to use Bloomberg in the classroom, describe how to have students perform sector analysis, show how Bloomberg tools are useful for analyzing monetary policy, discuss how to use Bloomberg to analyze the financial sector, and illustrate the platform’s use in a case study.     

Measuring the effectiveness of US monetary policy during the COVID-19 recession

The COVID-19 recession that started in March 2020 led to an unprecedented decline in economic activity across the globe. To fight this recession, policy makers in central banks engaged in expansionary monetary policy. This paper asks whether the measures adopted by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) have been effective in boosting real activity and calming financial markets. To measure these effects at high frequencies, we propose a novel mixed frequency vector autoregressive (MF-VAR) model. This model allows us to combine weekly and monthly information within a unified framework. Our model combines a set of macroeconomic aggregates such as industrial production, unemployment rates, and inflation with high-frequency information from financial markets such as stock prices, interest rate spreads, and weekly information on the Fed's balance sheet size. The latter set of high-frequency time series is used to dynamically interpolate the monthly time series to obtain weekly macroeconomic measures. We use this setup to simulate counterfactuals in absence of monetary stimulus. The results show that the monetary expansion caused higher output growth and stock market returns, more favorable long-term financing conditions and a depreciation of the US dollar compared with a no-policy benchmark scenario.