构建适应技术改造项目管理的软环境

从建立规章制度、组织机构、管理队伍、考核机制、约束机制和信息管理系统等方面,论述如何构建适应技术改造项目管理的软环境。     

加强公司治理是确保改革成果的关键

电力体制改革的终极目标，是实现电力工业可持续发展和经济效益的提高。厂网分开、竞价上网的改革正是为了建立一个健康有序的发电市场，培育规范的发电市场主体，以利于电力工业总体改革目标的实现。目前，发电侧改革的进程正在加快，市场主体也在逐渐形成，不久的将来，绝大多数发电企业都将在产权制度、企业地位、领导体制和管理结构上发生质的变化，建立现代企业制度成为发电企业的必然选择。一些发电企业的主管部门和企业领导已经清醒地认识到这一点，公司制改组成为一股潮流。在已改制为公司化运作的发电企业中，有经营业绩好的，也…     

Commitment to Innovation: The Impact of Top Management Team Characteristics

Many organizational and environmental factors influence a firm's commitment to innovation. Among the organizational factors, the perceptual lens of the top management team and the team's dynamics are posited to have a significant direct impact on the firm's commitment to innovation. This study revisits the classic arguments of Hayes and Abernathy and empirically examines several of their propositions.
The results clearly indicate a positive relationship between the technical orientation of the TMT/CEO and above-average R&D intensity. This effect remains even after controlling for the impact of performance in prior periods and firm diversification. Overall, these results suggest that establishing a high level of commitment to innovation will be promoted or impeded in many organizations because of the predispositions of the CEO and top management team.     

Firms' Growth,Size and Age: A Nonparametric Approach

This paper offers empirical evidence of firm failurerates as well as the mean of the distribution ofrealized growth rates, distinguishing between thesample of non-failing firms and the sample of allfirms, failing and non-failing. Attention is directedat identifying a set of characteristics, in particularthe size and age of firms, systematically related tothe patterns of firm growth and exit, using a panel ofSpanish manufacturing firms. The two maincontributions of the paper are the use ofnonparametric techniques and the analysis of issuesignored in other studies like theregression-to-the-mean bias and the measurement oflearning effects. We find evidence that failure ratesand the mean growth rate of successful firms declinewith size and age. When failing firms are integrated,there are no significant differences in the meangrowth rate across the age and size of firms.Regression-to-the-mean does not prove to be asubstantial factor behind the negative relationshipbetween size and growth of surviving firms.     

PERSPECTIVE: The World's Top Innovation Management Scholars and Their Social Capital*

Using 959 articles reflecting the work of 1,179 scholars, this study ranks the world's top scholars in innovation management (IM) on the basis of the number of research articles published across 14 top academic journals in technology and innovation management, marketing, and management between 1990 and 2004. Twenty‐three scholars have at least eight articles in this period. Michael Song has the most (31), followed by Robert Cooper, Roger Calantone, William Souder, and Elko Kleinschmidt, who have published at least 17 articles in the 15‐year period. Surprisingly, the list of schools that either trained or currently employ these top scholars is quite different from Linton's (2004) recent ranking of the top business schools in the management of technology. Guided by social capital theory, the present study analyzes the embeddedness characteristics of IM scholars to determine the extent to which social capital explains scholarly productivity. A current controversy in the social capital literature is the embeddedness characteristics that create social capital. On the one hand, the closure perspective argues that social capital results from strong relational ties with others in a dense, local neighborhood of actors who are relatively disconnected from others. On the other hand, the brokerage perspective argues that social capital is created when actors have relational ties that span these dense, local neighborhoods. The findings in the present study support both perspectives. Furthermore, the results suggest that strategic orientation is a contingency variable that clarifies the conditions in which closure‐ or brokerage‐based embeddedness is appropriate. Specifically, scholars pursuing an entrepreneurial publication strategy are more productive when their relational embeddedness is consistent with the brokerage perspective of social capital creation, whereas scholars pursuing a focused publication strategy are more productive when their relational embeddedness is consistent with the closure perspective of social capital creation. The results have implications for both the IM scholar community and the social capital literature. Whether IM scholars are pursuing an entrepreneurial strategy that capitalizes on emergent knowledge across various theories and perspectives or pursuing a focused strategy by concentrating on gaining deep understanding of a specific stream of research, there are many avenues and opportunities for improving publication performance through the formation of new social capital. Finally, the empirical support for the contingency variable strategic orientation is consistent with recent speculation that both perspectives are important and suggests that future work should focus on further identification and clarification of contingency factors associated with them.     

Growth Management and Land use Controls: The San Francisco Bay Area Experience

Local land use and growth controls have had a substantial negative impact on the San Francisco Bay Area housing market. These regulations have significantly diminished the availability of development opportunities in the region and forced builders to make major changes in the way they do business and costly alterations in their development projects. Both the empirical evidence reviewed and the case studies documented in this paper indicate that building moratoria, growth management systems, and restrictive zoning practices have helped lead to significantly increased house prices in those Bay Area communities in which they are present. The evidence strongly suggests that land use controls as they are currently utilized in the Bay Area provide a poor policy alternative for reconciling important environmental and fiscal considerations with equally important regional and national housing needs.     

建筑企业项目成本管理的原则及方法

加入世界贸易组织以后，我国建筑市场竞争更趋激烈。建筑企业要始终立于不败之地，保持强劲的发展势头，必须抓好项目成本管理。本就建筑施工企业如何强化项目成本管理进行阐述，重点讨论项目成本管理的原则以及做好预算成本、计划成本和实际成本控制的方法。     

用系统工程方法管理热电厂检修项目

一、前言我国加入WTO后 ,石化行业的竞争日趋激烈。企业要获得持续发展 ,只有向市场要效益 ,向内部管理要效益。在新的形势下 ,扬子石化公司热电厂汽机车间于 2 0 0 2年初成立了“系统工程方法在检修项目管理中的应用”课题小组 ,以期通过努力促进生产成本的下降 ,推动企业设备管理工作再上新台阶。系统工程是组织管理系统规划、研究、设计、实现 (包括制造 )、试验和使用的科学方法。它从系统整体出发 ,根据总体要求 ,进行总体设计、协调 ,综合运用系统理论以及有关的科学理论与方法 ,进行系统结构与功能分析 ,以求得最好的或满意的系统…