低碳经济发展及其绩效评价

低碳经济是一种正在兴起的经济发展模式,涉及低碳产业、低碳技术、低碳城市、低碳生活等一系列内容。它通过大幅度提高能源利用效率,大规模使用可再生能源与低碳能源,大范围研发温室气体减排技术以维护生态平衡。为促进低碳经济发展,文章从低碳经济的内涵以及国际发展趋势的角度出发,运用AHP法构建了低碳经济绩效评价的指标体系,并提出了具体评价指标建议。     

马克思主义政治经济学是坚持和发展马克思主义的必修课

习近平总书记在主持中共中央政治局第二十八次集体学习时强调,马克思主义政治经济学是马克思主义的重要组成部分,也是我们坚持和发展马克思主义的必修课。要通过认真学习马克思主义政治经济学基本原理,认真学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话精神,真学、真懂、真信、真用马克思主义政治经济学,学会运用马克思主义政治经济学的立场、观点和方法,深化对我国社会主义经济发展规律的认识和把握,深化对当代资本主义内在矛盾及其发展趋势的认识和把握,深化对人类社会发展规律、社会历史发展必然趋势和对当代世界发展格局及其国际形势的认识和把握,提高领导中国特色社会主义发展的能力和水平,提高处理国际问题的能力和水平。总结中国特色社会主义建设新鲜经验,回答我国经济社会发展面临的新阶段、新情况、新问题,构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学,实现马克思主义政治经济学的创新发展。     

Political Economy*

The term 'political economy' has a long and curious history, from its 17th-century meaning of statecraft to the classical economists' use of it for what later came to be called economics and its recent appropriation by neo-Marxists for social theory which, in contrast to 'orthodox' economics, goes into history, politics and sociology, focuses on power relationships and combines positive analysis with advocacy. This article points out that there are now at least two schools of political economy in this tatter sense, the neo-Marxist and the 'Chicago' school. The concluding section distinguishes sensible and not so sensible uses of the term.     

金融发展的政治经济学

本文运用125个国家和地区的数据首次系统地检验了金融发展的政治经济学理论.我们研究发现,金融利益集团的力量对金融发展有着显著稳定的负面作用,即使我们控制了一国经济发展水平、政治制度、法律制度、文化传统以及地理禀赋等因素,结果仍然是显著而稳定的.同时,我们研究还发现,金融发展的政治经济学理论能够很好地解释中国国有商业银行改革的逻辑.因此,我们需要重新检讨中国既有的国有商业银行改革的路径.本文的结论是:加大开放的力度,削弱金融利益集团的影响,构建竞争性的银行业结构将有利于中国金融的良性发展.     

Political Economy of Conditional Aid in a Federal Economy

This paper employs a political economy approach to model the joint determination of national and subnational sectoral protection in an open federal economy. Political interactions between special interest groups and policymakers as well as economic interrelationships between federal and state government policies are analyzed. The model is applied to study the effects of conditional financial assistance on policy‐making in the aid‐receiving federal economy. We find that policy‐based financial assistance to the federal government tends to reduce the extent of distortions resulting from the federal government policy. However, if federal and state government policies are strategic substitutes, state government induced policy distortions would increase, thereby detracting from the effectiveness of conditionality in reducing overall policy distortions in the recipient economy.     

The New Comparative Political Economy

With the collapse of communism in the late 1980s the field of comparative political economy has undergone major revision. Socialism is no longer considered the viable alternative to capitalism it once was. We now recognize that the choice is between alternative institutional arrangements of capitalism. Progress in the field of comparative political economy is achieved by examining how different legal, political and social institutions shape economic behavior and impact economic performance. In this paper we survey the new learning in comparative political economy and suggest how this learning should redirect our attention in economic development.JEL classification: B53, O10, O20, P0     

The Political Economy of Argentina's Debacle

In this paper I argue that political economy considerations and, in particular, the identity of the reformers, are central to understanding the Argentine crisis that culminated in sovereign default in January 2002. During the 1990s, the main political parties remained attached to populism, and no strong party emerged at the center of the political spectrum. This had two effects in the reform process. First, it severely deteriorated it (efficiency, corruption), reducing the support of the population. Second, when a series of shocks hit the economy the anti‐reform camp tried to undo most reforms, and thus convey a message to the population about the “right” model of the world.     

Toward a Political Economy of Markets

In the post-Washington Consensus era, increasing emphasis on private sector-led strategies for economic growth has contributed to the focus of policymakers on entrepreneurship. However, many programs designed to support entrepreneurship are based on an erroneous and biased image of the entrepreneur, with important consequences for development processes and outcomes. Longstanding ideology underlying the entrepreneur as a rugged individual hero shapes not only the masculinist notion of entrepreneurship in most societies, but also the narrow focus and structure of entrepreneurship programs. Microfinance, however, is generally conceptualized as being "different" from other programs, particularly given its informal sector reach and common group lending model. This paper investigates the extent to which microfinance is able to build community, and to sustain individual entrepreneurs' attention to social solidarity economy. Alternative approaches to microfinance, which fundamentally restructure the way it works — specifically considering the issue of community-building — are discussed as a possible "next evolution" of this form of social enterprise.