Alan Gillie,Input-Output Economics.

Turnovsky observes that “the rational expectations hypothesis has had a profound impact on macroeconomic theory and policy during the past decade.” Tracing briefly the evolution of the ideas involved, he concludes that “… a consensus view is emerging that in fact under quite plausible conditions the policy neutrality proposition does not hold; therefore, there is still scope for policy rules to play an important role in stabilizing output.”

The mathematics used in the article is expository rather than analytical, requiring of the reader only somewhat more than the usual amount of persistence, faith in the author's interpretation of the literature, and a willingness to accept the integrity of economic models as representative of the real world. This is “required” reading for those teaching macroeconomics.     

Culture and Economics: On Values,Economics and International Business

In his Idea of Justice, Amartya Sen compares the two basic approaches to evaluating institutions, transcendental institutionalism and realization-focused comparisons. Referring to Adam Smith's Impartial Spectator, he argues in favor of the latter and proposes the principle of open impartiality. However, this cannot solve the tension between universalism and contextualization of values that Sen has inherited from Smith. Based on recent Hegel scholarship, we argue that some of the difficulties can be resolved, considering the role Smith played in the development of Hegel's thinking. Hegel's concept of recognition plays an essential role in establishing the possibility of impartiality both on the level of consciousness and on the level of institutional intersubjectivity. Hegel's critique of Kant's formalist ethics (also considered as transcendental institutionalism by Sen) and his analysis of the civil society in the Philosophy of Right, especially his focus on associations and Estates, can serve as a model for making Sen's focus on public discourse theoretically more concise and pragmatically feasible. Hegel shows that universalistic attitudes can only emerge in specific institutional contexts.     

经济学、熵和可持续性

一引言经济学是一门在传统上讨论稀缺问题的学科。稀缺资源的配置(自然资源和劳动力)涉及到广泛的哲学问题——有关价值、偏好、效率以及权益的问题。近年来物理科学和生态科学的发展,导致了可持续性的看法,并随之带来了一个以往不被主流经济学家重点关注的新问题。Daly(1992a)     

Economics,environment and equity

Although allocation of scarce resources among alternative uses to satisfy unlimited human wants in the positivist framework (a la Lionel Robbins)has been a focus of economists for a long time, awareness of resource scarcity in the ecological sense and discussion of the relevant issues in the context of distributive justice, as well as intergenerational equity, are of more recent vintage. A perspective encompassing judicious use of natural resources inevitably leads to a discussion which includes ecological, economic and ethical dimensions. This essay examines the contributions included in a recent book.     

Economics, environment and equity

Although allocation of scarce resources among alternative uses to satisfy unlimited human wants in the positivist framework (a la Lionel Robbins)has been a focus of economists for a long time, awareness of resource scarcity in the ecological sense and discussion of the relevant issues in the context of distributive justice, as well as intergenerational equity, are of more recent vintage. A perspective encompassing judicious use of natural resources inevitably leads to a discussion which includes ecological, economic and ethical dimensions. This essay examines the contributions included in a recent book. Certain elements of today’s ecological crisis reveal its moral character. First among these is the indiscriminate application of advances in science and technology. Many recent discoveries have brought undeniable benefits to humanity Unfortunately, it is now clear that the application of these discoveries in the fields of industry and agriculture have produced harmful longterm effects. This has led to the painful realization thatwe cannot interfere in one area of the ecosystem without paying due attention both to the consequences of such interference in other areas and to the well-being of future generations. (Message of Pope John Paul II for the celebration of the World Day of Peace, January 1, 1990.)