金融生态视角下的国家助学贷款困境解析

国家助学贷款是我国对贫困学生资助的一种重要形式,虽几经改革,但目前开展国家助学贷款仍然困难重重。一方面,我国金融生态的非良性是造成国家助学贷款外部环境恶劣的原因所在;另一方面,我国国家助学贷款的制度性缺陷、自我调节机制的丧失以及助贷生态链的功能缺失则是国家助贷困境的问题所在。重塑良性金融生态,修复调整助学贷款生态链,促进主体平衡发展,是我国国家助学贷款可持续发展的必由途径。     

大学生创新思维能力形成影响因素的实证分析

构建了大学生创新思维能力形成影响因素分析模型。在此基础上,设计调查问卷,利用调查数据对影响大学生创新思维能力形成的因素及其与大学生创新思维能力的相关性进行实证分析。实证分析结果表明:大学生创新思维能力仍较低;大学生自身维度因素对其创新思维能力的影响较大,说明大学生创新思维能力的形成是一个长期积累的过程;教育体系维度因素对大学生创新思维能力有一定影响;家庭培养维度因素、社会创新环境维度因素的影响较弱。     

论会计类课程课堂教学方式的改革

学生的学习动机越强,学习效果越好。教师应引导学生加深对会计专业的认识,了解会计专业的应用范围、会计人员的社会地位、社会贡献等,激发学生对会计专业的热爱。在会计课堂,教师应对学生持鼓励的态度,讲课应当庄重、从容、认真,讲授要有感染力,采用不同的教学方法以激发学生的学习热情,以生动的描绘、恰当的比喻引起学生的兴趣,使其集中注意力听课,从而提高效率。     

INVESTMENT IN PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

This author analyzes the effects of primary, secondary, and higher education on per capita growth for flow measures of education: enrollment rates, public expenditures, and expenditures per student. Worldwide panels since 1960 and developing and developed country subsamples are examined. Secondary and higher education enrollment rates and expenditures per student in lower education stages and primary overall demonstrate significance. Public higher education expenditures overall and per student are disadvantageous. This study recommends raising enrollment rates and prioritizing public expenditures toward lower education stages, while ensuring that expenditures per student keep up with increases in student cohorts. Indirect effects of education are explored. (JEL O11 , H52 , I28 )     

Scholastic Effort: An Empirical Test of Student Choice Models

A measure of student effort based on time and the efficiency of its use was found to be significant in several learning models. The report discusses variations of a generalized learning model, different definitions of student input, and the use of pre-TUCE scores as a variable. The authors ask whether the pre-TUCE is more appropriate as a measure of economic knowledge or as a proxy for student aptitude. The findings and methodology should be of considerable interest to others doing research on student effort.     

A Student Learning Inventory for Economics Based on the Students' Experience of Learning: A Preliminary Study

The authors present the initial development of a student learning inventory (SLI) that is specific to economics. This approach, which is based on the student experience of learning (SEL) literature, emphasizes aspects of prior knowledge in the learning history of entering first-year students. Preliminary insights from a first SLI suggest that on entry to university, students show considerable variation in their perceptions of what economics is and what economists do. From the SEL perspective, such variation affects student learning. It is argued that continued development of an economic-specific SLI may result in a better understanding of students' learning engagement with economics and ultimately assist instructors in better understanding student learning difficulties and increase student success in first-year economics.     

历史教学与学生创新思维培养

在当今新课改的氛围中，培养学生的创新能力和创新思维，是历史课的一个重要任务。根据学生的心理发展规律和认识学习规律，对在历史教学中培养学生创新思维能力提出了五点看法：一是设计问题，培养创新思维；二是创设情景，解决问题，激发学生的创新思维；三是利用兴趣，培养学生的创新思维；四是线索是历史知识的骨架。是形成创新能力的关键；五是创新反思是历史知识的升华。     

国家助学贷款风险成因分析与对策研究

国家助学贷款工作是党中央、国务院实施科教兴国战略的一项重大决策,是适应我国教育体制改革和发展的需要。加强国家助学贷款风险管理,是各商业银行面临的急需解决的问题。从国家助学贷款风险的特征出发,分析贷款风险的成因,提出防范国家助学贷款风险的对策建议。     

新时期高校学生实习期学生工作探究

高等院校承担着为国家和人民培养合格的工作者和建设者的重任。实习是锻炼学生实践能力、检验学校教学效果基本形式。大学生实习时间长短不一,实习地点分散。决定论大学生实习期间的教育和管理有着存在阶段性、特殊性。针对高等院校实习期学生工作存在的问题,就如何构建学生实习期学生工作的有效途径,有效延伸高等院校学生工作的覆盖面,加强对实习学生的管理进行了有益探索。     

Educational Production in East Asia: The Impact of Family Background and Schooling Policies on Student Performance

Abstract. East Asian students regularly take top positions in international league tables of educational performance. Using internationally comparable student-level data, I estimate how family background and schooling policies affect student performance in five high-performing East Asian economies. Family background is a strong predictor of student performance in Korea and Singapore, while Hong Kong and Thailand achieve more equalized outcomes. There is no evidence that smaller classes improve student performance in East Asia. But other schooling policies such as school autonomy over salaries and regular homework assignments are related to higher student performance in several of the considered countries.     

Distributing Student Places in Australian Higher Education

Higher education systems need policies for distributing student places between higher education providers, courses and students. In supply‐driven systems, government and university decisions dominate. In demand‐driven systems, student choices play a larger role. Over the last 35 years Australia has moved from a supply‐driven to a largely demand‐driven university system and then partly back again. When students pay their own costs, both major political parties have supported market distribution of student places for decades. But for subsidised student places there is policy instability, due to fluctuating priorities for containing public expenditure and responding to demographic and labour market changes.     

湖南省留学生教育现状分析

对于国际化教育重要组成部分的留学生教育,新颁布的《国家中长期教育改革发展规划纲要》明确提出了进一步扩大外国留学生规模的目标要求。湖南作为教育大省,留学生教育现状并不令人十分满意。通过对湖南外国留学生教育的调查,分析其中的主要原因并提出相应的建议。     

Evaluations and Grades: A Simultaneous Framework

Using a simultaneous framework and on the basis of data for a single institution, the author concludes that the “oft reported positive effect of student's expected grades on [student evaluation of teaching] in a single equation regression has been misinterpreted” and that “the link between grades and [student evaluations] works in the opposite direction: better faculty improve student performance.”     

Encouraging Tutorial Attendance at University Did Not Improve Performance

When tertiary education is subsidised the cost of poor student performance in university subjects falls not only on the individual student but also on society in general. Society therefore has an interest in promoting student performance. There is evidence in the literature that absenteeism from university classes is widespread and that absenteeism adversely affects student performance. In this paper I describe an incentive scheme that increased attendance of business and economics students in an introductory statistics subject at a typical Australian university. Like other authors I find a strong positive association between attendance and academic performance, both in the presence and absence of the scheme. However, there is no evidence that the incentive scheme caused student performance to improve. Although students attended more classes they did not perform better than students in the previous year's class who had the same observable characteristics and attendance levels but who were not exposed to the scheme.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE STUDENT PERFORMANCE: A FRESH APPROACH TO AN OLD DEBATE

There is a general consensus that student performance at all levels has been deteriorating. Despite numerous attempts by researchers to link school expenditures with student performance, a clear relationship does not exist. Since a number of difficulties plague earlier studies, this paper attempts to remedy these problems by offering a better data design and a sounder methodology. This study uses the J 992 Massachusetts Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) test scores from 4^th, 8^th, and 12^th grade students to measure student performance. Since each student's grade falls into one of five possible categories, the application of an ordered logit model incorporates the natural ordering of the MEAP scores. The results indicate that family background and the stability of a community are the main factors affecting student performance. The data suggest that higher levels of spending have no consistent or systematic relation with student performance. (JEL 12, C25)     

The Lasting Effects of an Introductory Economics Course: An Exploratory Study

The author advocates the application of experiential learning in economics courses at the tertiary level. The author evaluates a range of learning methods, both passive and active, in a student survey that provides data on under-graduate attitudes to various class activities. The results indicate a clear student preference for learning activities in economics that can be described as experiential. Analysis of reported student preferences also detects differences according to gender and day or evening class attendance.     

Institutional arrangements in educational systems and student achievement: a cross-national analysis

Given the lack of evidence supporting the view that variation in observable educational inputs affect student achievement, many policymakers and researchers have tried to unearth the salient determinants of student learning. To that end, several recent studies have made use of international data on student achievement to assess the role played by institutional arrangements within the educational system. We revisit this literature using the 1999 TIMSS data—covering over 100,000 students from 22 countries—to analyze the association between different institutional arrangements and the distributions of science and math test scores. The results yield a number of interesting conclusions, as well as highlight the gains to analyzing student achievement within a distributional framework.     

State appropriations and undergraduate borrowing: more debt,less money

When state appropriations decrease, public universities respond by raising tuition. Students borrow more in response to both tuition increases and appropriation cuts. This article investigates the feedback of how borrowing and tuition influence state appropriations. Using a panel data set of 450 four-year public universities from 1999 to 2012, we employ three-stage least squares techniques to control for the endogeneity between state appropriations, tuition and student borrowing. There is evidence that state policy-makers respond to increases in university tuition and student borrowing by decreasing future appropriation levels. After controlling for the effect of appropriations on tuition and borrowing, a one-dollar increase in student borrowing reduces state appropriations per student by $0.06, and a one-dollar increase in tuition results in a decrease of $0.45 in state appropriations per student. When universities increase tuition for reasons other than a reduction in state appropriations, policy-makers respond with a significant cut in future appropriations which could signal an incentive strategy.     

担保债务凭证(CDO)定价研究——基于正态与学生氏copula法的比较

利用蒙特卡罗模拟技术,研究担保债务凭证(CDO)的定价问题,对于不同的相关系数,使用正态Copula以及学生氏Copula计算各级分类证券的公平价差,并对正态Copula以及学生氏Copula产生的结果进行比较分析。研究表明,在担保债务凭证(CDO)的定价中,学生氏Copula的性能更好。     

‘Economics with Training Wheels’: Using Blogs in Teaching and Assessing Introductory Economics

Blogs provide a dynamic interactive medium for online discussion, consistent with communal constructivist pedagogy. The author of this article describes and evaluates a blog assignment used in the teaching and assessment of a small (40–60 students) introductory economics course. Using qualitative and quantitative data collected across four semesters, students’ participation in the blog assignment is found to be associated with student ability, gender, and student perceptions of the blog. Importantly, students with past economics experience do not appear to crowd out novice economics students. Student performance is positively associated with the quality of their blog participation after controlling for student ability, suggesting that a focus on quality of student engagement could further improve learning outcomes. Students generally report overall positive experiences with the blog assignment.