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Infrastructure networks are a key feature of an economy. Their functionality depends on the connectivity and sizes of different components and they face a variety of threats, from natural disasters to intelligent attacks. How should networks be defended and designed to ensure the best functionality?We develop a model to study this question. There are two players, the Designer and the Adversary. The Designer forms costly links among n given nodes and chooses to protect some of them at a cost. The Adversary then allocates resources to attack nodes. Successful attack on a node leads to its elimination. We study sub-game perfect equilibria of this game.Our main finding is that if defence is affordable and reliable, then the network is sparse and heterogeneous, and either centrally or fully protected. On the other hand, if defence is relatively costly compared to linking, then dense and homogeneous networks arise in equilibrium. 相似文献
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The TUCE itself is the subject of this research project reported by Lewis and Dahl. The TUCE is examined in terms of its ability to discriminate between good students and poor students, whether its subparts do indeed measure different things, and to what extent the subparts are associated with critical thinking skills as measured by the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Their findings should help to make the TUCE a more useful instrument of diagnosis and evaluation for other researchers in economic education. 相似文献
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This research provides empirical support for the hypothesis that learning economics increases a student's critical thinking skills. Using the short form of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA-S) as our measure of critical thinking skills, we find that students who gain a high level of economic understanding in their introductory economics class, as measured by the Test of Understanding College Economics (TUCE), have statistically significant gains in their WGCTA-S scores. Students who spend more time taking classes and are more fully engaged in the university experience also have greater gains in critical thinking. These results lend support to the idea that introductory economics courses can work in concert with other university level courses, especially within the context of a full-time curriculum, to enhance critical thinking skills. ( JEL A22) 相似文献
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联合确定基数合约:对魏茨曼模型的一个改进 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文针对国内外委托代理理论主要局限于理论分析层面而实用性不强的特点,在概要评论有关利润基数确定的相关文献的基础上,通过对美国一家公司委托代理实际案例的研究,提出了旨在能够解决实际委托代理关系的"联合确定基数法"。文章分析了联合确定基数法与棘轮效应模型的区别和联系,以数学方法论证了联合确定基数法的若干命题,描述了公司利润基数确定的利益诱导机制,并对比分析了联合确定基数法与西方教科书中的"激励设计模型"。本文试图以联合确定基数法为核心内容的一次性动态模型,代替蕴含着讨价还价过程的多次性动态模型。 相似文献
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Logistic模型参数估计与我国城市化水平预测 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
本文探讨了Logistic模型描述城市化过程中的合理性.提出模型参数估计的新方法.计算和预测了我国的城市化水平及其发展趋势。新方法简单实用,预测精度高。 相似文献
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研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。 相似文献
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我国多中心城市空间自组织过程分析——克鲁格曼模型借鉴与泉州地区城市演化例证 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文试图通过以下研究增强克鲁格曼模型的应用性 :( 1 )对克鲁格曼模型“假设”进行分析和重新解释 ;( 2 )引申“分隔模型” ,获得一个更有解释力的城市演化对偶涡流理念 ;( 3 )移植泰勃特理论 ,弥补克鲁格曼模型缺漏的区位固有因素影响分析。然后 ,用对克鲁格曼模型的新理解 ,来分析一个我国典型的多中心城市———泉州地区城市———的演化过程。在分析过程中又对克鲁格曼模型的自组织原理扩展改进 ,实证克鲁格曼模型的基本原理。 相似文献
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农村劳动力转移的博弈分析--对托达罗模型在我国的适用性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
托达罗模型是在20世纪60年代末70年代初许多发展中国家出现严重的城市失业现象的背景下产生的,是对刘易斯二元经济发展模型的否定,对发展中国家农村劳动力转移的现实具备一定的解释力。运用博弈论的研究方法,根据我国农村劳动力转移的实际情况,从低素质农村劳动力转移和差别素质农村劳动力转移两个角度对我国农村劳动力转移进行了分析。在此基础上,对托达罗模型在我国的适用性作了研究。 相似文献
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根据对农村劳动力迁移决策的不同解释,把国外有关劳动力迁移的主要文献分为三类:传统的劳动力迁移理论(包括刘易斯模型、拉尼斯-费景汉模型、托达罗模型)、人力资本劳动力迁移理论和新劳动力迁移理论.目前国内研究劳动力迁移的文献主要以传统劳动力迁移理论和人力资本劳动力迁移理论为研究基础,而对新劳动力迁移理论的借鉴和应用还比较罕见,因此值得我们学习和研究. 相似文献
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We consider two dynamic games of foreign aid. Model 1 deals with the case where donor countries continually feel the warm glow from the act of giving. Model 2 postulates that donors will stop giving aid when a target level of development is reached. In Model 1 , there are multiple equilibria that can be Pareto ranked. In Model 2 , the equilibrium strategies are nonlinear functions of the level of development. The flow of aid falls at a faster and faster rate as the target is approached. An increase in corruption will increase the flow of aid. 相似文献
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刘易斯模型面临着挑战并具有扩展、创新的内在要求,把刘易斯模型应用于珠三角地区二元经济演化和工业化路径分析时,该地区表现出刘易斯模型未能覆盖和未曾分析的特殊模式,而其特殊性主要是在一个开放条件下的演化增长,从而拓展了传统刘易斯模型的封闭系统分析框架,构建了由资本、剩余劳动力转移、出口贸易、技术转移等这四个要素组成的开放型二元经济演化路径。 相似文献
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中国经济增长的可能性:一种基于修正的索洛模型的估算 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
索洛模型这一经典的经济增长模型有它无可比拟的优点,但对于考察中国问题来说,也有一些内在缺陷.本文根据中国经济增长的特征事实,对索洛模型做出了一些修正,并据此对中国经济增长的可能性进行了重新估算. 相似文献
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John D. Sterman 《Journal of economic behavior & organization》1985,6(1):17-53
This paper presents a simple model of the economic long wave. The model is based on the System Dynamics National Model. Since 1975 the National Model has provided an increasingly rich theory of the economic long wave. The theory relates capital investment, employment and workforce participation, monetary and fiscal policy, inflation, productivity and innovation, and even political values. The model presented here focuses on capital investment. The structure of the model is shown to be consistent with the principles of bounded rationality. The behavior of the model is analyzed, and capital self-ordering is shown to be sufficient to generate long waves. The model complements the National Model by providing a representation of the dynamic hypothesis that is amenable to formal analysis and is easily extended to include other important mechanisms that may influence the nature of the long wave. 相似文献
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国际宏观经济学的新方法:NOEM-DSGE模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近十几年来,国际宏观经济学领域兴起了一种新的研究方法,即新开放经济宏观经济学-动态随机一般均衡模型(简称NOEM-DSGE模型)。该方法由于具有明确的微观基础,并引入了动态随机分析,在解释诸多经济问题时显示了其优越性。本文在梳理国际宏观经济学研究方法发展历程的基础上,介绍了NOEM-DSGE模型的基本结构,及其在国际宏观经济领域的具体应用,最后指出这一模型面临的挑战和未来发展方向。 相似文献
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iMchael Porter的"钻石模型"是分析一国的某一产业是否具有国际竞争力,以及如何提升国际竞争力的重要理论工具之一。文章结合"钻石模型",分析了我国重化工业的国际竞争力状况,并针对其目前的竞争力状况指出,应在资源的有效利用、产业结构调整和政府职能转换等方面予以重视,以继续提升我国重化工业的国际竞争力。 相似文献