The Alleged Value Neutrality of Economics: An Alternative View

This paper analyzes bank lending activities for owner-occupied housing loan extensions to minority members of Mississippi’s population. We analyze data on housing loan applications and accessibility patterns among the minority Black population relative to the majority White population groups in the State. The study looks hard at data for evidence of any patterns of discrimination toward minority housing loan applicants. And a Probit model is applied to examine the relative importance of economic variables (such as employment status, income level, and credit rating) versus noneconomic parameters (such as geographical location) in the housing loan decision making of banks toward minority borrowers. The evidence from our comparative data analysis suggests that there is a consistently high denial rates for minorities, which is not explained by financial (economic) factors. The formal test of discrimination with the Probit analysis also indicates some evidence of discrimination from, at least, the standpoint of redlining practices, albeit only with a modest predictive power.     

数据仓库和数据挖掘在农业辅助决策支持系统中的应用

基于农作物生产的相关数据,创建农作物病虫害分析的数据仓库,运用数据挖掘技术提取分类规则,再将获取的规则用于农业病虫害的诊断;通过对实例运行结果的分析,验证了数据仓库和数据挖掘技术与农业决策支持系统相结合方案的可行性。     

能源经济与政策研究中的数据问题

近年来,能源经济与政策研究文献大幅增长,其中绝大多数属于经验研究或政策模拟分析,所使用的基础数据大多来源于政府部门或者国际组织发布的宏观统计资料或者在线数据库。目前有的研究存在较多基础数据问题,从而可能导致结论出现偏误。为厘清各统计量之间的逻辑关系、减少数据滥用或者误用的可能性、增强研究过程的透明度和研究结果的可比性,本文从经济学和国民经济核算等视角讨论了能源经济与政策研究中的数据问题。在开展能源经济研究时,需要明确界定系统的边界,明晰输入量和输出量,传统的发电煤耗法等线性加总方法可能会导致研究结论出现偏误,应用Divisia能源加总方法要更为精准。不同的数据源口径往往不同,来自统计部门的能源数据与经济数据可能并不完全匹配,国内外能源数据口径及其核算方法也存在较大差异。如果不注意这些差异,直接进行数据大小比较是不可取的,甚至可能会导致一些没有科学意义的争议。     

粗糙集在客户细分系统中的应用

利用不完备信息系统的粗糙集有关方法实现客户细分系统中客户个性化需求的挖掘过程,并对建模过程的主要步骤和关键问题作详尽的阐述,通过对客户个性化需求的分类进行分析和归纳可以发现影响企业实施销售战略的关键需求及其相关知识,企业可以根据挖掘结果,调整其经营策略,提升企业竞争力。应用实例表明:该模型是合理和可行的。     

Economics: Unfit for Purpose

This paper is a shortened and revised version of the Closing Plenary given to the World Congress of the Association of Social Economics, and Cairncross Lecture, University of Glasgow, June 2012. Mainstream economics is seen as unfit for purpose because of deficiencies that have long been criticised by a marginalised heterodoxy. These include the taking out of the historical and social even if bringing them back in on the basis of a technical apparatus and architecture that is sorely inappropriate. These observations are illustrated in passing reference to social capital but are particularly appropriate for understanding the weakness of ethics within mainstream economics. An alternative is offered through taking various “entanglements” (such as facts and values) as critical point of departure, leading to the suggestion that ethical systems are subject to the 10 Cs—Constructed, Construed, Conforming, Commodified, Contextual, Contradictory, Closed, Contested, Collective and Chaotic.     

矿区经济系统动力学仿真模型的建立

I. Introduction of the structure of SD model The mining area is a large typical open complex system that consists of five parts – resources, environment, economy, population, and science & technology [1] [2]. The five parts are regarded as five sub-models when the SD model of complex system is established in mining area. Among the sub-models, resources, chiefly deal with exploitation and utilization of mineral products, and restrained by the environment, economy etc.; environment mainly stu…     

《动画运动规律》创新模块化教学模式的探讨

伴随高校招生规模的日益扩大,各专业学科在教学上都在寻求更大的突破,如何将“教”与“学”转换为“学以致用”,成为各高校研究的重点课题。以《动画运动规律》为例,根据该课程的学科特点对其进行分割式的模块化教学,通过一个班历时一学期的课程教学实践,对比学生的学习情况,使得该门课程在教学上更加立体化、多元化,大大调动学生的学习兴趣,从而摆脱了原有的单一教学方式,通过实践证明课程模块的分割,最终达到“学以致用”的教学目的。     

Core Requirements for the Economics Major

In this article, the authors are the first to describe the core economics curriculum requirements for economics majors at all American colleges and universities, as opposed to a sample of institutions. Not surprisingly, principles of economics is nearly universally required and implemented as a two-semester course in 85 percent of economics major programs. Most schools do not prescribe the order in which the principles sequence is taken. The intermediate courses are commonly required, although variation exists across institution types. While the quantitative requirement for the major has increased since 1980, significant differences exist among institutions and by academic rankings. As compared to 1950, there has been an increase in the number of required economics credit hours for the major.     

Association for Social Economics ASE newsletter

Bill Waters’ dissertation “Entrepreneurship, Dualism, and Causality: An Appreciation of the Work of Joseph A. Schumpeter” completed at Georgetown University in 1952 is significant for two reasons. The first is clear enough from the very beginning: Schumpeter and the entrepreneur. The other comes to light through hindsight: Bill brings to bear an understanding of economic affairs which is personalist rather than individualist or collectivist in nature. In short, Bill sees as the main activating force in economic affairs not the impersonal forces of the market, not the central planning board, but the person who innovates, who acts bolding in economic affairs, the banker who creates credit, and the capitalist who supplies old funds. Thus the Waters’ dissertation says much not only about Schumpeter but also about Bill himself. His dissertation is his only book-length publication.     

Expected Proficiencies for Undergraduate Economics Majors

The case for adopting a proficiencies approach to instruction and learning in the economics major is reiterated. This approach focuses on what graduating majors should be able to do with the knowledge and skills they acquire in the major, that is, their ability to demonstrate their learning in practical ways. The author's list of five proficiencies, advanced in the mid-1980s, is reviewed and revised; one additional proficiency is added and several others are refined. The author discusses the emphasis given to these proficiencies with top economics undergraduates at two major research universities, the author's experience with incorporating these proficiencies into his instruction, and the challenge of assessing the ability of economics majors to demonstrate these proficiencies.     

Comparative Research Productivity Measures for Economics Departments

The typical profit-maximization solution for the joint-production problem found in intermediate texts, managerial texts, and other texts concerned with optimal pricing is oversimplified and inconsistent with profit maximization, unless there is either no excess of any of the joint products or no costs associated with dumping. However, it is an inappropriate method of solution where excess does exist and the costs of dumping are explicitly recognized and, with respect to such cases, is at least nongeneral. The authors present a more realistic alternative method of solution, although more complex, as a substitute for the textbook method of solution typically offered.     

Laboratory Experiments for Undergraduate Instruction in Economics

The generation and use of experimental data in the teaching of economics are described. Attention is given to the classroom activities presented in the University of Arizona National Science Foundation–supported summer workshops that are mentioned in the article on the economics major in this issue.     

低于成本倾销的经济学解释

WTO<反倾销协议>扩展了倾销原有的界定范围,规定低于成本出口属于非正常贸易行为,可以通过实施制裁来维护公平竞争.本文认为,低于成本倾销在绝大多数情况下属于正常的商业行为,其产生具有合理性,同不公平竞争没有必然的联系.恰恰是对这种行为的抵制,反映了目前的反倾销措施被滥用的倾向.     

美国最新研发经费统计数据及分析

通过给出美国最新研发经费统计数据,介绍美国研发经费在来源和执行部门方面的特点与变化,以及在基础研究、应用研究和产品开发上的分配情况,可以看出：自金融危机之后,美国的研发经费支出基本维持稳定,但是在GDP中的比例略有下降。美国的研发投入仍然受困于经济复苏乏力。     

ID3决策树算法分析与高等学校综合教学评价

针对高等学校日常教学管理工作中所积累的大量课堂教学质量评估数据及教育决策对量化分析和研究结果的愈加依赖,应用数据挖掘中的决策树技术,从中找出隐藏的、有价值的知识,可为学校决策部门制定课堂教学管理、提高教学质量、促进教师教学水平和优化教师队伍建设等方面的决策提供科学的依据和参考。     

GEO-INFO模式下基于空间数据挖掘的生态经济类型区聚类研究

生态经济类型区是刻画区域自然、社会系统时空耦合聚集关系的图形抽象。本文运用GIS、RS为代表的空间信息技术建构了生态经济类型区聚类分析的基本方法与技术路线。在具体的研究内容中,本文首先给出了空间信息方法模式下区域生态经济系统的调控机理,并集中讨论了基本生态经济表征要素空间信息的提取方法。在此基础上,应用多源空间数据挖掘原理构造了多维空间要素进行空间聚类的基本方法,结合区域基本的自然生态要素和社会经济要素,进行了针对萝岗区的实例研究。本研究结果表明利用空间信息技术进行生态经济类型区空间聚类分析是具有一定科学性的、高效可行的。     

土地动态利用时空数据挖掘的方法及其实现

TGIS是当前地理信息科学领域的研究热点,土地利用现状管理信息系统是TGIS应用中时态变化最频繁、时空关系最复杂的典型应用。文章以浙江省某县土地利用部分现状数据作为土地时空数据库建库的试验数据,通过对土地利用时空变化过程及其数据特点进行分析,设计了适用于土地利用时空数据挖掘的时空数据存储机制和时空数据库。基于该数据存储机制的土地利用现状管理信息系统,能够较好地表达土地利用时空变化过程,从而对时空数据进行全面地时空数据挖掘。系统运用表明,该系统能够有效地对土地利用时空数据进行历史数据的信息查询、历史状态再现、历史数据的统计与动态变化的趋势分析以及历史数据回滚等。