The effect of peer observation on consumption choices: evidence from a lab-in-field experiment

We investigate the impact of peer observation on consumption decisions using a lab-in-field experiment. Respondents make consumption decisions either alone or under peer observation. We find evidence for peer effects. We are able to study these further by looking into the mechanism and performing detailed heterogeneity analysis. Concerning the mechanisms, we find evidence for an information channel. Further, we show that the consumption choice is influenced by how many people made the same decision previously, but not by who those people are, hence finding evidence of a psychological channel. Respondents with higher cognitive ability are less susceptible to peer effects, while people living in small villages are more susceptible.     

税收分权与经济增长——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

通过建立面板数据计量模型,利用1999-2008年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的数据(不含西藏和港澳台地区),对税收分权与经济增长之间的关系进行实证分析。结果显示:在中国式财政分权体制下,无论是从全国还是从分区域看,提高税收分权度对经济增长均具有消极作用。其原因并不是税收分权本身对经济增长有消极作用,而是不合理的税收分权制度安排,抵消了分权带来的激励效果。因此,要提高税收分权对经济增长的激励效果,就必须理顺中央与地方间的税权关系,赋予地方一定的税收立法权;理顺中央和地方间的事权关系,明晰各级政府的税权范围;理顺税费关系,规范制度外收入渠道,完善政府间财政转移支付制度。     

Quasi-Experimental Evidence of Peer Effects in First-Year Economics Courses at a Chinese University

The authors of this article implement a quasi-experimental strategy to estimate peer effects in economic education by exploiting the institutional setting in a large public university in China, where roommates are randomly assigned conditional on a student's major and province of origin. They found significant impacts of peer academic quality, measured as roommates’ average scores on the national College Entrance Exam, on first-year economics students’ scores in first-year microeconomics, macroeconomics, and accounting courses. They also found nonlinearity in peer effects: Roommates’ academic ability has significant effects for academically weak students but not for academically strong students.     

The Effect of Information Technology on Economic Education

The author evaluated the effect on student performance of using a new information technology (IT) enhancement that permits students to participate in the recording of lectures that can be downloaded later from the Internet. The author compared two sections of the same Intermediate Microeconomics class and observed the sample students to be representative; the empirical model accounted for any differences in student characteristics between the comparison and test groups. Model results show that students exposed to the IT enhancement performed about 2 percentage points better on their final exam than did the comparison students; however, the difference was not statistically different from zero. The author concluded that the use of IT appears to not have any substantive influence on student performance.     

Use of Data Envelopment Analysis in an Evaluation of the Efficiency of the DEEP Program for Economic Education

The method of data envelopment analysis is used to show that participation in DEEP seems to increase the efficiency of some classes and decrease the efficiency of the other classes.     

教育可持续发展的经济学分析:一个基本框架

教育不仅是一个社会学范畴,同时也是一个重要的经济学范畴.在考察教育的经济学内涵的基础上,引入经济学的公平与效率、供给与需求、规模与结构、竞争与垄断、成本与收益等概念等作为分析工具,可构建一个教育可持续发展的经济学分析框架,能为我国教育的可持续发展提供理论借鉴.     

公共项目利益相关者委托代理风险评价研究

有效的识别和评价公共项目利益相关者委托代理风险,有助于明确政府与代理方的责、权、利关系,避免项目实施中的责任推诿,创新公共项目的管理工具,提高项目的管理水平和整体效益。文章在剖析公共项目的契约本质和利益相关者委托代理关系的基础上,识别公共项目委托代理风险的构成,并构建委托代理风险评价指标体系,采用云重心模型测量加权偏离度来衡量云重心的改变,准确地确定评价指标的基本评定值,从而解决定性指标与定量指标评价中的不一致现象。文章为准确评价公共项目利益相关者委托代理风险提供了一种有效的方法。     

项目经济评价中NPV和IRR的风险传递关系研究

在项目的经济评价中,净现值（NPV）和内部收益率（IRR）是主要的两个指标,当用概率形式表示项目经济受到的风险时,如何给出NPV和IRR两者之间的风险传递关系是一个难题。本文通过研究NPV和折现率之间的函数单调性关系,得出NPV和IRR之间的风险概率传递解析关系,由此可以根据NPV的概率得到相应的IRR概率分布曲线。该方法能够提供更为全面的且更符合客观实际情况的经济评价决策信息,使项目经济评价更具科学性。     

基于价值贡献衡量的石油开发调整项目经济评价方法

油气田开发调整是油气田开发过程中增加产量、延长稳产期的重要措施。如何评价开发调整项目,提出正确的决策方法非常重要。油气储量是石油勘探开发项目的现实资产,石油开发项目的经济评价应始终围绕储量资产价值最大化这一核心目标。根据油气田调整项目的特点,提出基于价值贡献衡量的经济评价方法。     

对中国经济增长统计数据可信度的估计

中国经济增长速度统计数据的可信度问题 ,一直受到国内外各方面的注意。这项统计数据是否准确可靠 ,不但会影响经济预测与分析的准确性 ,也会直接影响宏观经济政策的合理性和准确性 ,进而可能对经济运行本身产生积极或消极影响。当研究中国经济增长状况和未来前景时 ,有必要对过去相当长时期统计数据的可信度作出独立分析和判断。本文对不同时期经济增长率的可信度进行了初步的估计。     

河北省省属骨干大学经管类学术型硕士研究生生源质量评价研究

硕士研究生教育质量问题研究已经成为中国高等教育大众化发展阶段的重要课题之一,其中,硕士研究生的生源质量问题是研究生的教育质量问题的一个重要组成部分。以河北省省属骨干高校的研究生生源信息为研究依据,建立学术型研究生生源质量评价体系,其中包括成绩指标、结构指标、整体指标和综合素质四个方面。通过专家打分获得相应权重,利用所建立的体系和权重,对2007—2009年河北省省属骨干大学经管类学术型硕士研究生生源质量进行了综合评价。     

一种基于数据挖掘的面条品质综合评价方法

为了准确评价面条品质,文章以46种不同品牌的市售面条为材料,通过实验采集面条样本的力学性能数据和其他属性数据,对构建的数据集进行主成分分析,并借助其结果进行聚类分析,样本最终被划分成5个类,对面条样本进行感官评价。参考感官评价的指标再对每一个簇中的样本进行评价,描述出每个簇中面条样本的品质特性。该方法融合了多种数据分析和评价方法,既具备数据分析的客观性,又不失主观评价的优势。     

Testing for the Presence of a Tremble in Economic Experiments

The classical trinity of tests is used to check for the presence of a tremble in economic experiments in which the response variable is binary. A tremble is said to occur when an agent makes a decision completely at random, without regard to the values taken by the explanatory variables. The properties of the tests are discussed, and an extension of the methodology is used to test for the presence of a tremble in binary panel data from a well-known economic experiment.     

基于函数型数据的长江经济带生态建设动态综合评价

从生态建设的经济、社会、生态环境3个方面选取16个代表性指标,基于多指标面板数据,运用熵权法与函数型分析相结合方法对长江经济带2006—2017年的生态建设进行动态评价,深入分析各地区生态建设的变化趋势,探讨函数型综合评价在生态建设中的应用价值。得出结论:长江经济带地区在2006—2017年期间生态建设上升趋势明显;生态环境水平:东部地区呈U型分布,中西部地区呈上升趋势;生态保护和压力:东中西不断上升,且变化趋势相似;经济和社会因素对生态建设影响最大,其次为环境污染和环境治理;生态建设的发展状况与经济建设有一定的趋同特征,且具有明显的聚集现象;对于近两年生态建设发展状况,11个地区上升变化趋势相似。总体而言,函数型综合评价模型对长江经济带的动态生态建设情况分析有效且合理。     

Evaluation of the Effects of Education on Job Satisfaction: Independent Single-Equation vs. Structural Equation Models

Independent single-equation models and structural equation models are used to analyze both direct and indirect impacts of education length, and of the match between education and employment, on job satisfaction after controlling for individual-specific and job-specific attributes, including health status and wages. The main results show that: (1) education/job mismatches, both in level and domain, reduce utility from work irrespective of schooling years and other individual/job characteristics; (2) the effects of education on job satisfaction are mainly indirect effects transmitted though the influence of schooling on workers’ health status, wages and other observable job characteristics; and (3) neglecting the structure of covariance among the determinants of job satisfaction results in upward bias in the estimation of the direct effect of schooling length, and in downward bias in the estimates for the effects of other personal circumstances.

Search for a theory of organized crimes

Casual empirical observations reveal no systematic relationship between the overall crime rate and organized criminal activity. We develop a search-theoretic framework to study the interactions not only between formal labor and crime sectors but also between individual and organized crimes. In equilibrium, individual and organized criminals face different arrest risks, success rates, reward structures and outside options. We characterize agents' “occupational choices,” the gang's hierarchical structure and the responses of unemployment, crime rates and crime composition to changes in labor-market conditions and crime-deterrence policies. We further assess the effectiveness of arrest versus punishment policies in deterring individual and organized crimes.     

河北省高等教育与经济增长关系的实证分析

利用河北省1990～2006年数据对高等教育规模与经济增长之间的关系进行研究,建立了协整方程和误差修正模型,进行了格兰杰因果关系检验,得出的主要结论是:河北省经济增长和高校教育规模之间存在长期的协整关系,高等教育在校生人数每增加1个百分点,GDP增加0.64个百分点;经济增长和高等教育互为格兰杰因果关系,表明经济增长对高等教育的促进以及高等教育很好地发挥了人力资本的作用,带动了经济增长;误差修正模型表明经济增长在短期内主要受其自身的影响,误差修正项系数为负,符合反向修正机制。     

高学历"追逐症"与失业的经济学分析--一个基于斯宾塞劳动力市场模型的研究

文章从信息不对称的角度,通过对斯宾塞劳动力市场模型的发展,建立了一个针对高学历“追逐症”与失业的博弈模型,并对此进行了均衡和福利分析。分析结果表明,信息不对称是高学历“追逐症”和高学历人才失业问题的重要成因,降低高能力者受教育的成本、提高劳动力市场和教育市场的竞争度以及使学校教育更切合生产实际,能有效缓解高学历追逐和失业问题,减少社会教育资源无效消耗和社会效用损失。     

工资对产业结构升级的影响——基于中国经济数据的分析

经济增长过程中伴随着产业结构的优化升级。工资不但可以通过工资差异激励劳动力从低效率产业向高效率产业流动,推动产业结构升级,而且可以通过改变消费结构和投资结构进而影响产业结构演变,并为产业结构升级储备高级人才。本文对中国改革开放以来的工资与产业结构的经济数据进行实证研究得出:工资与产业结构之间是正向的相关关系,且两者之间存在双向因果关系。因此,工资水平的提高在一定程度上促进了产业结构的优化升级。     

国际资本流动对经济增长的影响分析——基于国际数据的实证研究

基于1994～2009年68个国家的年度数据构建Panel Data变截距固定效应模型,通过对资本流向和流动方式的进一步细分,来考察资本流动对不同发展水平国家经济增长的影响。结果显示:境外国际资本流入对转型国家经济增长的促进作用明显强于发达国家,对发展中国家经济效应不显著;国际资本流出仅对发达国家经济增长有显著的促进作用,对发展中国家和转型国家的经济效应均不显著。