出口贸易、教育投入与经济增长:理论模型与经验证据

笔者借鉴获得性技能模型思想,研究教育投入通过影响外贸发展间接影响经济增长的路径,并重点考察两者对经济增长的联合影响机制.利用2004年～2009年31个省市数据进行实证分析,结果表明:教育投入对经济增长的边际影响为负且教育行业投入与出口贸易对经济增长的联合影响正向显著.可见教育投入对经济增长的直接促进作用,远远小于其通过促进外贸发展间接促进经济增长的作用.     

A Survey of Economic Understanding in U.S. High Schools

The recent widespread adoption of online competitions in economic education provides a unique opportunity to make frequent assessments of economic literacy in U.S. classrooms. In this survey, student responses to test items from the Test of Economic Literacy (TEL) are used to create economic concept and content area achievement benchmarks. These benchmarks provide an interim renorming of the TEL and allow the authors to gauge the status of economic understanding among high school students. The data also allow the authors to compare learning outcomes between regular and advanced economics classes. Finally, the authors find that students in advanced economics classes significantly outperform students in regular classes.     

Health, Wealth, Fertility, Education, and Inequality

The authors use a new cross-country dataset to estimate the strength of the links between different dimensions of social and economic development, including indicators of health, fertility, and education, as well as material wellbeing. This differs from previous studies in employing data for different income groups in each country in order to provide direct evidence on factors driving inequality, and in using a unique measure of material wellbeing that does not rely on PPP comparisons.     

On the Market for Principles of Economics Textbooks: Innovation and Product Differentiation

Tabular data are provided on the journals that have published economic education articles, the topics covered, and the individual authors. Institutions are ranked by their contributions to the economic education literature.     

Using the U.S. Test of Financial Literacy in Germany—Adaptation and validation

In this article, the authors present the adaptation and validation processes conducted to render the American Test of Financial Literacy (TFL) suitable for use in Germany (TFL-G). First, they outline the translation procedure followed and the various cultural adjustments made in line with international standards. Next, they present results from the validation of the TFL-G's content and relations between test scores and external variables, including test takers' prior economic education and interest in economic topics. Preliminary analyses of data gathered from expert interviews and cognitive labs, and the results of the first administration to first-year higher education students (N = 1,108) indicate that the TFL-G is a valid instrument to assess young adults' understanding of personal finance in Germany. Perspectives for future research are discussed.     

Economic Education in Korea: Current Status and Changes

The authors describe key aspects of precollege and undergraduate economic education in Korea. They show that precollege students seem to have low economics literacy due to problems with the curriculum and insufficient training of teachers. At the undergraduate level, they show that economics departments have more male students than female students and that the employment rate for economics majors is lower than for business majors. They hope to draw more of Korean economists' attention to research initiatives in economic education.     

Journal Articles of Interest from Other Disciplines

The authors describe the present state of economic education in Japan. There is a larger number of undergraduate students who major in economics, but their purpose of studying economics and their economic literacy differ. Precollege economic education is regulated by the course of study and limited by the poor ability of teachers to teach the economics content.     

Teaching Economics in the Schools: A Review of Survey Findings

The authors review and contrast the findings of a 1981 national survey of economic education at the precollege level and 15 state surveys conducted at about the same time. The picture that emerges is disturbing: instruction in economics tends to be minimal (or nonexistent) for many students, and teacher training in economics is limited. Curriculum structure, teacher training, and the development and use of materials are interrelated problems facing economic education.     

Using Art (Paintings,Drawings, and Engravings) to Teach Economics

The authors provide a brief review of how economists have dealt with art in their research and more popular writings, and then consider the case that has been made for using art and other visual materials in general education and—in very few cases—to teach economics. A new Web site on Art and Economics is introduced that makes it easier for economics instructors to find and use art with their students. They discuss several different ways of using the art in classes, and provide a table with over 50 paintings from the Introduction slide show at the Web site to illustrate the range of economic concepts and issues that can be taught with art.     

Human capital and economic growth revisited: A dynamic panel data study

This paper examines the role of human capital on economic growth by using a large panel of data including 93 countries. Given the cross-sectional character in most of the relevant studies, there is a possibility that when the long-run dynamics are considered, education might not be a significant determinant of growth. Following a dynamic panel data approach, the analysis indicates that education has, indeed, a significant and positive long-run effect on economic growth. Moreover, the size of this effect is stronger as the level of education (primary, secondary, and tertiary) increases. This has a straightforward policy implication that governments taking actions towards an expansion of their higher education may well expect larger gains in terms of higher economic growth in their countries. This is a revised version of a paper presented at the Fifty-first International Atlantic Economic Conference, Athens, Greece, March 13–20, 2001, and also at the conference on Post-Euro Era at the University of Ioannina, Greece, January 27–28, 2000. The authors would like to thank participants in both conferences and, in particular, Nick Apergis for his comments and useful suggestions on earlier drafts. The authors remain responsible for any shortcomings of the paper.     

高职顶岗实习生法律身份定位与权益保护研究

经济与教育发展的内在辩证关系催生了高职院校这一群体的产生,＂工学结合＂已成为高等职业教育人才培养模式改革的主要切入点,高职学生顶岗实习引发了学校、企业、学生三者的责、权、利的分割与承担,其中顶岗实习生的身份定位已成为厘清问题的基石与焦点。在探讨了高职顶岗实习生的源起与分类、身份界定与法律定位、风险防范与权益保护后,明确了三方的权利与义务,以保护高职顶岗实习生的合法权益。     

Economic Education in Schools and Universities in England

The authors review three aspects of economic education in England. They examine trends in undergraduate economics in England, principally in terms of recruitment and outcomes and connections with economics in schools. They also review formal instruction in schools through so-called “advanced level” courses for 16–19-year-old students and the role of the academic community in recent research in England on economic education.     

Implications of a multi-disciplinary educational and research environment: Perspectives of future business, law, science, and engineering professionals in the technological innovation: Generating economic results (TI:GER®) program

Functioning well in a global, technology-driven, multi-disciplinary environment necessitates a more robust educational paradigm, especially in science and engineering. For a scientific education to be complete, it can no longer be restricted solely to technical areas. Similarly, law and business students will encounter a slew of technologies throughout the course of their careers. They will be required to comprehend the intricacies and corresponding implications of these technologies in order to impart their perspectives effectively and have an impact. In an effort to address this widely recognized need, a number of multi-disciplinary education and innovation programs have recently surfaced. Although several of these have been documented in the literature, the experiences of participants and the manner in which these will influence their future career plans as well as personal goals are not usually taken into account. Our focus in this paper is to shed light on this 'end effect' of being exposed to a multi-disciplinary education by stressing the importance of understanding social, economic, and legal aspects of science and engineering within the context of a scientific graduate-level education. Specifically, the authors take a closer look at the TI:GER^®1(Technological Innovation: Generating Economic Results) program. Based on their experiences, the authors present their learning and insight on multi-disciplinary education in a mixed technical and professional degree setting.     

Human capital and economic growth in Spanish regions

Modern economic growth theory has emphasized on the human capital effects on economic growth. In this case, the externalities from a better education could enhance economic growth process and facilitate the progress in different regional areas. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of human capital on economic growth process by taking into account the case of Spanish regions. The authors examine whether a better education process and social capital can improve the economic growth process in such area and if it can explain the differences in per capita GDP existing in those regions. The paper uses data from Spanish Statistical Institute and from different institutes of the European Union. The Castilla La Mancha Regional Government has provided financial support for the Project PDI-02-025.     

人力资本对湖南经济增长贡献的实证研究

人力资本正逐步取代物质资本和劳动,成为经济增长的关键因素。通过构建以科布一道格拉斯生产函数为基础的计量经济模型,定量分析了人力资本在湖南经济发展中的作用,并对人力资本的作用进行了省际间的横向比较,得出结论：人力资本虽对湖南经济增长发挥着积极作用,但其作用机制不如北京和广东两地强。因此,建议通过增加教育经费投入、强化人才吸纳机制等措施提高湖南人力资本存量。     

教育、闲暇与经济增长--理论模型与实证研究

本文通过把消费者时间分为工作时间、教育时间、闲暇时间,重点扩展了闲暇时间对人力资本积累作用和技术进步的外部性,将闲暇时间和教育时间同时引入经济增长模型中分析了两种时间对经济增长的影响和最优平衡增长路径.随后进行了实证研究,结果表明:我国教育时间(即人力资本投资)对中国经济增长有很大的拉动作用,同时,积极健康的闲暇活动能够促进经济增长,但是由于我国处于工业化阶段,对闲暇的偏好还很低,总体上闲暇时间对我国经济增长有微弱的抑制作用.因此,合理安排闲暇活动和正规教育活动对我国经济增长有重要意义.     

Perspectives on evaluation in financial education: Landscape,issues, and studies

This review discusses the heterogeneity in the effectiveness of financial education programs that occurs because of the unique conditions for programs and methods to evaluate them. The authors define six groups served by financial education: children, youth, college students and young adults, working adults, military personnel, and low-income consumers. They then discuss research and evaluation literature for each group with a critical eye on program purpose, content, and evaluation. They also present findings affecting multiple groups on four issues: student loans, homeownership, retirement planning, and financial advising. The accumulated evidence on the effectiveness of financial education is positive, although the results are nuanced and sometimes limited. The authors argue that understanding this broad landscape in studying financial education is critical for future research and evaluation.     

Gordon Tullock and Richard McKenzie. The New World of Economics.

The authors extend the literature on the efficacy of high school economics instruction in two directions. First, they assess how much economic knowledge that California students acquired in their compulsory high school course is retained on their entering college. Second, using as a control group some college students from the state of Washington, where there is no mandate for high school economics instruction, the authors evaluate the impact of California's high school economics mandate on students’ economic literacy when they enter college. The testing instrument is the Test of Economic Literacy (TEL).     

Impact of AIDS on Family Composition,Welfare, and Investment: Evidence from Uganda*

Although availability of quantitative information on the extent of HIV/AIDS in Africa is improving, the socio‐economic implications of the epidemic remain poorly understood. This paper explores this issue for Uganda focusing on households who received foster children between 1992 and 2000, a phenomenon that affected more than 15% of households. The authors find that addition of a foster child resulted in significant reductions of per capita consumption, income, and household investment which were more pronounced for the poor. Initial disadvantages in foster children's access to education for this group were overcome in the course of UPE implementation, while new inequalities have emerged in access to health services. Foster children's ability to access services will thus be affected by the broader policy environment as well as programs more specifically targeted at this group.     

河南创新系统建设的战略构想

创新是现代企业和经济活力之源,加快创新系统建设是迎接知识经济挑战的必然选择。在剖析创新系统的核心内容的基础上,提出了河南创新系统建设的战略原则与推进模式。