政府控制层级、CEO政治关联与代理成本:来自国有发电上市公司经验证据

笔者以国有发电公司为样本,采用Heckman两阶段回归方法,实证研究了CEO政治关联对代理成本的影响。结果显示,CEO政治关联会显著增大代理成本。其中,央企CEO政治关联会显著增大隐性代理成本,而地方国企CEO政治关联会显著增大显性和隐性代理成本,且其对代理成本的增幅明显大于央企,说明国企普遍存在的CEO政治关联加重了代理问题。     

网络产业中的转换成本研究综述

网络产业的融合化发展打破了传统的产业边界,但转换成本却影响公司跨产业经营,阻碍了网络融合的进展.本文通过对国内外学者在网络产业转换成本方面的研究进行分类综述,重点介绍了基于双双寡头模型的多期博弈,旨在介绍相关理论方法及重要研究成果.通过分析转换成本与市场进入的关系,本文指出了转换成本通过对用户产生锁定效用而增强在位企业的垄断力量,阻碍大规模的市场进入;转换成本助长寡头间的默契合谋,产生劣币驱逐良币现象,进而产生肥猫效应,导致新进入企业产生低效率进入;最后分析了对忠实用户采取隐瞒信息情况下转换成本所产生的竞争效果.研究结论拓宽了相关研究思路,并对于网络产业进一步融合发展具有一定的借鉴意义.     

中国创业企业的战略选择：差异化还是低成本战略

创业企业在解决就业、推动创新等方面对于经济发展有着越来越重要的作用。目前的战略管理理论都是基于成熟企业开展的研究,关于创业企业的战略,关注的较少。本文从创业企业的视角,修正了经典五力模型。同时结合创业企业的产业特征,分析了创业企业的战略选择路径。本文最后结合中国创业企业的实际情况,对于中国创业企业的战略选择提出了相关的建议。     

Internalizing the Social Costs of a Small Number of Powerful,Overindebted Firms

Extraordinary debt-to-capital ratios (leverage) and the compression of markets to very few, large companies (concentration) are economic risk factors. They have contributed to vast social costs during the current economic crisis in the USA and in Europe. This theoretical study internalizes these social costs via two market-based policy instruments for the first time in a real-economy Dixit–Stiglitz framework: a tax on firms' debt capital use and a subsidy for market entrants. It helps understand the complex real-economic mechanisms that these policy instruments cause, it derives intuitive rules of thumb for setting the tax rate and the subsidy level so that they elevate welfare, and it suggests ways to practically implement the policies.     

Multinational Firms and Technology Transfer

We construct an oligopoly model in which a multinational firm has a superior technology compared to local firms. Workers employed by the multinational acquire knowledge of its superior technology. The multinational may pay a wage premium to prevent local firms from hiring its workers and thus gaining access to their knowledge. In this setting, the host government has an incentive to attract FDI due to technology transfer to local firms or the wage premium earned by employees of the multinational firm. However, when FDI is particularly attractive to the multinational firm, the host government has an incentive to discourage FDI.
JEL classification : F 13; F 23; J 41; L 13; O 14; O 33; O 38     

生产性服务业与制造业互动关系研究

关于生产性服务业与制造业的关系有多种观点,但二者相互依赖、唇齿相依的双向互动关系越来越成为学界的共识。从专业分工与外包、生产价值链、生态群落的角度,可以剖析生产性服务业与制造业互动的机制,并总结出二者互动共生的模型:中心型互动共生模型、金字塔型互动共生模型、平行型互动共生模型以及嵌套型互动共生模型。一个重要的挑战是,中国新型工业化道路中如何通过二者互动,使生产性服务业促进制造业的转型升级,并选择促进生产性服务业与制造业互动的战略路径。     

Agency Cost of Debt and Credit Market Imperfections: A Bargaining Approach

This paper studies the effect of credit market imperfections, measured by the relative bargaining power of banks, on the agency costs of debt finance. The threshold of obtaining loan finance is shown to be independent of the relative bargaining power of the financier. However, lower relative bargaining power of banks leads to lower lending rates and investment return distributions with lower, but less risky returns. Thus, our analysis does not support the view, presented in a large existing literature, that there would be a trade‐off between reduced credit market imperfections and higher agency costs of debt finance.     

贸易开放、不完全竞争与成本加成——基于中国制造业数据的实证分析

文章利用中国制造行业的面板数据,分析贸易开放对我国国内行业成本加成的影响。回归结果表明,市场竞争与国际贸易是影响我国制造行业成本加成的重要因素。进口贸易在高竞争性行业对成本加成具有正向的促进效应,而在低竞争性行业具有相反的效应;出口贸易对国内行业的成本加成具有显著的正向促进效应。     

A Fourth Desideratum: The CES Cost Function and the Sustainable Configuration of Multiproduct Firms

For many parameter vectors, the sustainable configuration of an industry where multiproduct firms have CES cost functions fails to imply the existence of a multiplicity of multiproduct firms.     

居民递增型阶梯水价政策有效性研究

城市水价改革的基本目标是实现水资源节约、企业成本回收和保障社会公平。运用2004_2011年中国36个大中城市相关数据实证分析现行递增型阶梯水价政策的实施效果,发现阶梯水价政策在一定程度上有助于促进水资源节约,但对实现成本补偿目标的作用非常有限,且恶化了不同收入家庭之间的相对公平。现有阶梯水价政策只能部分实现城市供水价格改革目标,有必要进一步推进市场化水价机制改革。     

上市公司的所有权与融资结构

文章对上市公司的融资结构进行了研究,指出企业的国有（或国有控股）性质是企业资产负债率水平偏高的根本原因。与此相对应,民营企业的资产负债率水平则明显低于国有（或国有控股）企业。作者认为,现有的发行新股或债转股方式,并非是解决我国国有企业资产负债率水平偏高的根本出路。解决这一问题的最终途径可能还是在于调整所有权结构。另外,作者利用我国上市公司的数据,发现了与MMM理论相矛盾的一些事实,即我国的国有相对控股上市公司的资产负债率水平是与此类公司的所有权结构相关联的。     

集群企业的学习与创新

本文主要考察企业学习与创新的空间因素，集群企业之间的长期合作与学习会使得集群企业的知识逐渐同质化，这要求部分集群企业能不断跨越集群边界，开展集群之间的学习与合作。集群企业的学习与创新有内部联系与外部联系两种不同的机制，内部联系代表地方创新环境的效率，外部联系则提供了从外部获取新知识的机会，集群对由外部联系引入的新知识的利用效率取决于内部联系是否有效。对不同产业集群以及同一集群生命周期的不同阶段而言，内部联系与外部联系的权衡取决于集群的知识可得性、专用性与累积性程度。     

Trade and Location with Horizontal and Vertical Multi-region Firms

We analyse the effect on agglomeration tendencies of allowing multi-region firms in a standard trade and location model, the core–periphery (CP) model developed by Kurgman (1991). The introduction of horizontal multi-region firms mitigates the agglomeration effects found in the CP model by reducing the range of trade costs for which the core–periphery equilibrium occurs. The introduction of vertical multi-region firms that separate the location of headquarters and plants has two counteracting effects. While headquarters exhibit a strong tendency to concentrate, plants tend to spread out. The equilibrium is always asymmetric in spite of the underlying symmetry of the model.     

地方政府竞争、企业上市方式与政企间利益输送——来自中国家族企业上市公司的经验证据

中国转轨经济下的财政分权体制和政治晋升锦标赛激励地方政府官员将政策资源向有利于自身政绩的方向倾斜。文章研究发现,与买壳上市家族企业相比,直接上市家族企业获得了更多的银行贷款、政府补贴和税收优惠,但同时通过更高的资产回报、过度投资和负担更多的超额雇员服务于地方经济和社会目标。文章分析了地方政府热衷于推动新企业上市并给予大量政策扶持的原因,对于市场化进程中制定相关政策指导地方政府行为具有重要参考价值。     

Average-cost Pricing, Increasing Returns, and Optimal Output: Comparing Home and Market Production

We employ a model with both market production and home production to show that, ignoring administrative costs and indirect effects (such as rent-seeking), even if both the home and the market sectors have the condition of increasing returns and there are no pre-existing taxes, it is still efficient to tax the home sector to finance a subsidy on the market sector to offset the under-production of the latter due to the failure of price-taking consumers to take account of the effects of higher consumption in reducing the average costs and hence prices, through increasing returns or the publicness nature of fixed costs. Within market production, it is efficient to subsidise more the sector with a higher fixed cost, a lower elasticity of substitution between goods (higher value of diversity), and a lower degree of importance in preference, which all increase the degree of increasing returns.     

Institutionalized Communication in Markets and Firms

How markets and firms function is critically related to what knowledge and information is exchanged between whom, how quickly. Exchange of (symbolic) information needs to be properly institutionalized in order to be understood by others, on the one hand, but, on the other hand, cannot avoid being ambiguous to some degree as well (Dolfsma et al. 2011 Dolfsma, Wilfred, John Finch, and Robert McMaster. 2011. “Identifying Institutional Vulnerability: The Importance of Language, and System Boundaries.” Journal of Economic Issues 45 (4): 805–818.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Ambiguity allows for the dissent that allows for innovation in the broadest sense of the term. Institutionalization of communication is community-specific. The tension between institutionalization of and ambiguity in communication explains why innovations cannot depart too much from what is known and accepted in a community to be (ultimately) accepted as a legitimate novelty. The view of markets and firms as settings for institutionalized communication and knowledge exchange offers a perspective that institutional economists are well positioned for to offer insights on.     

成本、价格与时间均衡的供应链控制方法研究

供应链管理的目的就是协调供应链企业采取各种方法与策略,使整个供应链取得最大的利润。分析了时间压缩与供应链成本的关系,构建了最优时间压缩点模型;分析了当企业考虑利润要素时最优时间压缩点应扩展为一个区间,并构建了成本、价格与时间的均衡模型,从而使供应链实现降低成本、压缩时间和利润最大化三者的结合并达到均衡,获得更大的竞争优势。     

国有企业代理成本的影响因素研究

国有企业改革使得企业经营者的生产积极性得到了提升,但同时也出现了"内部人控制"问题,由此产生的代理成本侵蚀了企业的盈利能力。产权、竞争和公司治理三者都会影响国有企业的代理成本,而且它们之间还存在互动。对A股上市公司2000年~2006年面板数据的实证研究发现,与国有上市公司相比,民营上市公司的治理结构更完善,治理机制的效率更高,从而降低了民营上市公司的代理成本。除此之外,市场竞争程度加强也能够降低代理成本、提升代理效率,而且对于国有上市公司而言,竞争更加重要。     

可持续发展与产业空间布局

The regional arrangement pattern of the present industry inour country was shaped under a prerequisite of regardingpromoting the economic growth as the basic goal.Measuredaccording to the scientific views of development,it cannotsatisfy the demand of sustainable development.In recentyears,though we were adjusting industrial arrangementconstantly,according to the comparative advantage,to opti-mize industrial allocation on special distribution further.However,the standard of optimizing configura…