提升企业战略联盟学习效果的途径

本文通过对过去企业战略联盟和当前企业战略联盟发展态势的分析,认为构建学习型战略联盟将成为企业联盟发展的主流,有效构建学习型战略联盟需要从默会知识共享的机理、基于吸收能力的联盟对象选择等方面人手,并提出了提升企业战略联盟学习效果的途径.     

基于战略联盟的生物制药企业技术合作创新模式研究

随着生物技术发展、经济全球化和市场需求的风云变幻,市场的不确定性风险越来越大,技术创新正在成为生物制药企业未来增长的主要源泉。在激烈的市场竞争当中,单个企业间的竞争正在逐渐演变成联盟之间的技术竞争。本文分析并建立横向联盟技术创新模式、纵向联盟技术创新模式和补缺联盟技术创新模式,以此推进生物制药企业技术合作创新的研究。     

虚拟企业联盟体与企业战略联盟的联系与区别

虚拟企业联盟体是由虚拟企业组成的企业联合经营组织,企业战略联盟是实施虚拟化经营的实体企业组成的联合经营组织,当参与企业战略联盟的实体企业的虚拟化程度较高时,实体企业转变成为虚拟企业,企业战略联盟便成了虚拟企业联盟体.     

企业知识联盟的动因分析

企业知识联盟作为战略联盟的一种,对提升企业的核心竞争力有重要意义,正逐渐成为企业间联盟合作的主流趋势.一、企业知识联盟的涵义1.知识与企业知识.Davth和Prusak认为,知识是一种有组织的经验、价值观、相关信息及洞察力的动态组合,它所构成的框架可以不断地评价和吸收新的经验和信息.在企业中,知识不但存在于文件和档案之中,还存在于企业的结构程序、运行过程、管理实践及行为惯例之中.知识一般分为显性知识（即事实知识和原理知识）、隐性知识（即技能知识和人为知识）两大类.它具有实践性、隐含性、共享性、不可逆的重复使用性和新陈代谢性.     

企业战略联盟的战略执行力影响因素探析

现代市场竞争下,"变对手为朋友"、共赢"已成为被企业管理者所广泛认同的理念。结成战略联盟,能够优势互补,使联盟内各成员风险共担、减少不必要的竞争以提高联盟整体对联盟外企业的竞争力。虽然企业战略联盟所带来的合力优势要远远大于单个企业自身的优势,但是要想实现联盟企业各自的战略目标,仅仅做到与其他企业在利益共享的基础上进行优势互补、分工协作、非股权型的松散型网络化联盟是不充分的。因此,对企业战略联盟的战略执行力的优化研究就具有十分重要的意义,也是联盟企业实现各自战略目标的重要保障。     

建筑施工总承包企业战略联盟的构建

我国建筑施工企业利润水平低,施工总承包企业竞争力不足。战略联盟作为一种全新的合作方式可以提升企业竞争力,增加企业利润。构建了建筑施工总承包企业跨行业战略联盟和行业内战略联盟,具体分析了战略联盟对象的选择,以及战略联盟构建带来的优势。     

论企业战略联盟的竞争优势

20世纪80年代以来,战略联盟这种新的企业组织形式获得了长足的发展,而且在广度和深度上亦有较大的突破,这都得益于战略联盟的强大竞争优势.本文从战略联盟的制度、技术、组织和理念四个方面,对战略联盟的竞争优势进行了系统的论述,以期对此问题更深入的研究.     

U/I知识联盟的动因及其经济学解释

在知识成为最具战略重要性资源的条件下,知识资本正取代物质资本成为企业竞争力的关键要素.但由于知识的特性,企业仅依靠自身的力量发展所需的知识困难重重,联盟成为一条现实的选择.世界经济全球化、国际分工的深化和科学技术的迅猛发展为联盟的形成营造了一个有力的宏观环境.大学作为社会的"知识库",与企业缔结知识联盟具有天然的优势,本文在探讨了大学-企业(U/I)知识联盟的环境动因和直接动因,并运用N-R关系方法进行了分析,进而对U/I知识联盟做出了经济学的阐释.     

企业战略联盟的动因和发展趋势

企业战略联盟作为20世纪20年代以来最重要的组织创新,自20世纪80年代被提出之后,就获得高速发展,目前已成为企业发展壮大的重要组织形式。文拟对企业战略联盟产生的背景、动因以及战略联盟的发展趋势进行探讨,为其进一步研究提供有用的线索。     

企业国际战略联盟的形成与发展

经济的全球化和互联网的高速发展,使资湎在世界范围内得以优化配置,而企业竞争也扩大到全球。为了加强企业竞争力,保护和扩大市场份额,企业间结成战略联盟。在我国即将加入ＷＴＯ,企业面临更严峻的挑战之际,研究企业国际战略联盟这种新的组织形式有着重要的意义。     

产业技术创新战略联盟发展的国际经验与启示

随着经济全球化不断向纵深发展以及市场竞争的日趋激烈,科技创新正逐渐取代传统生产要素成为企业发展最重要的核心资源,但受资金、科技人才、研发平台等资源限制,单个企业或者企业间合作很难在创新方面有实质性突破,亟需一种可以充分调动各方积极性和充分利用各种创新资源的科技创新团队,而基于产学研战略联盟发展起来的产业技术创新战略联盟,不仅可以引导创新要素向企业集聚,还可以提升产业核心竞争力,备受各国关注和青睐。目前,国外企业越来越重视利用产业技术创新战略联盟应对技术创新环境的变化,通过产业技术创新战略联盟有效地实现联合技术创新,成效显著。基于此,通过对日本、美国、欧盟的产业技术创新战略联盟发展成效进行深入剖析和总结,以期其先进做法对我国产业技术创新战略联盟发展有所启示。     

技术联盟中的知识转移与技术创新能力积累

主要分析以提升技术创新能力为目标的技术联盟内的知识转移及技术创新能力积累的相关问题。认为知识转移是技术联盟的核心环节和中心任务。联盟意图以及知识接收方的吸收能力在很大程度上决定着联盟内部知识转移成效,进而决定了企业的技术创新能力的积累。并就联盟机制的完善给出了相关建议。     

GSM:技术标准化联盟的成功案例

GSM是欧洲第二代移动通信标准，它成功地成为在全世界占主导地位的移动通信标准。GSM的成功有两个方面的原因，一是欧盟的统一标准化政策；二是技术标准扩散过程中技术标准化联盟的形成。技术标准化联盟是当代信息技术发展中的一种较普遍现象。GSM是技术标准化联盟成功的一个典型案例。该案例引发了我们对技术标准化中的知识产权保护、技术标准化联盟以及技术创新等问题的深入思考，这些问题对于中国的电信业改革与发展具有重要的现实意义。     

Learning: The interface of quality management and strategic alliances

In this paper, we investigate the practice of quality management in strategic alliances. By employing a relational view of inter-organizational competitive advantage, the paper addresses the concept of quality management in strategic alliances and networks. We argue that institutional/network relationships influence the practice of quality within a network. In that regard, firms that have adopted quality management practices are more effective in managing and coordinating their interactions with other firms in the network, which results in their enhanced learning capability within the alliance.The proposed framework recognizes the role of trust and cooperative learning as critical factors that affect the success of strategic alliances. It has been argued that firms within an alliance need to achieve the paradox of control and learning. We examine the role of trust as a control mechanism in strategic alliances and address the importance of cooperative learning within alliances. Several hypotheses have been proposed and future research has been outlined.     

Learning by Doing and Spillovers: Evidence from Firm-Level Panel Data

In this paper we extend the Bahk and Gort (1993) (Journal of Political Economy, 101, 561–583) approach of testing for the impact of learning by doing (LBD) on firm productivity using data on a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms. Specifically, we show that support for firm specific LBD and spillovers from sector-wide LBD seems to hinge crucially on the econometric methodology, and hence the underlying assumptions, employed. Once potential biases due to unobserved time invariant firm specific effects and endogeneity are taken account of, there is only support for spillovers from sector-wide LBD. Moreover, results depend on the definition of LBD employed.     

Learning by Doing and Spillovers: Further Evidence for the Semiconductor Industry

Learning spillovers in the production of EPROMs areinvestigated. It turns out that spillovers aresignificant, even though internal learning is thepredominant source of learning. Concerning externallearning, it does not appear to particularly matterwhether this comes from domestic rivals or foreigncompanies. There is some indication that Japanesecompanies have a steeper learning curve and with somegenerations are better able to appropriate externallearning from foreigners. Intergenerational learningis pervasive, which seems to provide competitiveadvantages to first movers. It could explain thepersistence of leadership of Intel in this industryacross a series of generations. Moreover, it coulddeliver scope for policy intervention.     

基于供应链的建筑企业联盟的研究

供应链的理论最先在制造业得以应用和发展。尝试将其思想引入到建筑行业,建立基于供应链的建筑企业联盟,提出了构建基于供应链的建筑业企业联盟模式的原则和思路。     

Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance

Contemporary organizations require a strong learning orientation to gain competitive advantage. Based on in-depth interviews with senior executives and a review of the literature, the present investigation delineates four components of learning orientation: commitment to learning, shared vision, open-mindedness, and intraorganizational knowledge sharing. A framework is tested using data from a broad spectrum of US industries. Learning orientation is conceptualized as a second-order construct. Its effect on firm innovativeness, which in turn affects firm performance, is examined. The results generally support theoretical predictions, and some interesting findings emerge.     

Knowledge management and franchise systems

Knowledge management is generally recognized as a resource for sustainable competitive advantage. Many organizations have approached knowledge management through the use of information technology. However, results are mixed, primarily because (1) information is merely one aspect of knowledge management, (2) some types of knowledge are difficult to transfer effectively and (3) the structure and culture of organizations may inhibit knowledge transfer. In this study, we examine knowledge management in a franchising context because franchisors and franchisees are independent entities linked together in a contractual (some even use the word hybrid) relationship. In addition, the ’product or service’ offered by a franchise organization is an outcome of knowledge resources and the success of a franchise system depends on how well the parties involved in a franchise system leverage their knowledge resource. Specifically, we explicate types of knowledge, discuss the differences between traditional and network franchise organizations and develop a framework for knowledge management in franchise systems.     

Knowledge Creation in Strategic Alliances: Another Look at Organizational Learning

This paper argues that a certain amount of partner conflict must exist for knowledge creation to occur in a strategic alliance. We argue that such tensions can generate opportunities for firms to challenges each other's assumptions and paradigms, leading to novel perspective and new solutions. This position is contrasted to existing theories that present conflict minimization as the route to alliance success. The paper exploits the generative or double-loop learning process (Liedtka et al. 1997; Argyris and Schon 1996) to build a model of inter-organizational knowledge creation and explicitly considers the implications for partner interactions. We suggest that knowledge creation often occurs in turbulent and discontinuous environments associated with the tension between alliance partners of different cultural origins. This paradox is critical to understanding the reasons why strategic alliances often fall short in their potential to create new knowledge.