中国行政垄断的收入与财富分配效应估算

改革开放以来我国行政垄断格局已受到冲击,但行政垄断行业的劳动投入与其高收入和高福利的不相称问题还很突出,直接导致了社会各阶层收入分配的不公与贫富差距的扩大。本文主要利用上市公司和个人收入、消费数据,分别估算并比较了行政垄断对城镇和总体居民的收入与财富分配效应。分析表明,行政垄断企业从消费者那里榨取了巨额的垄断利润,这一利益的转移以及所导致的收入与财富分配的不公效应,对总体居民的影响要大于对城镇居民的影响,而且收入水平越低的阶层受的影响程度越大,由此加剧了我国城乡尤其是农村地区低收入居民的贫困程度。因此,我国相关政策部门应把破除行政垄断作为建设和谐社会的重点予以高度关注。     

Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of Housing Prices in the Presence of a Linguistic Border: Evidence from Belgium

This paper investigates the ripple effect hypothesis for Belgium and is especially interested in the existence of potential border effects arising from the language border that divides the country in two large linguistic regions, Flanders and Wallonia. We find that housing prices in districts located along the north-south axis are highly integrated, while those in more peripheral eastern and western districts converge almost exclusively with neighbouring districts in the same linguistic region. Where a similar model might only applied to a few multilingual countries, we provide some valuable insights on the mechanisms responsible for the observed ripple—and border effects.     

Total Labour Requirements and Value Added Productivity of Labour in the Process of Economic Development

When the inverse of the value added productivity of labour is regressed on total labour requirements (which is equivalent to labour values), a significant relationship is obtained. This indicates that the value added productivity of labour can be explained by total labour requirements (labour values). The mean value of the regression coefficients is about 1.7. The regression coefficients have a tendency to increase during the process of rapid economic development and to decrease afterwards. Such movements are explained by value added linkages. This study is based on input–output analysis, where total labour requirements per monetary unit of output and the value added productivity of labour are calculated for each of 24 industries in Japan, Korea and USA, every 5 years between 1960 to 1985.     

Income Distribution,Foreign Trade and the Value-Added Vector

Whilst input-output analysts often treat the value-added vector as a fairly simple, straightforward component of input-output studies, modern 'classical' economics tells us that it is far from simple. This will be developed, both for a closed economy and for an economy using foreign produced inputs.     

Dismantled Spatial Fixes in the Aftermath of Recession: Capital Switching and Labour Underutilization in the Greek Capital Metropolitan Region

The article offers a fresh, empirically grounded look at the spatialities of crisis‐triggered employment forms—a largely overlooked issue in contemporary critical geography literature. Specifically, it discusses the interconnection between investment flows from manufacturing to the built environment (capital switching) and underemployment in urban metropolitan regions to substantiate its impact on emerging spatial fixities. The article, which is based on an empirical analysis informed by a radical political economy, investigates changing fixed capital formations in Greece over an extended period prior to and during the recession, from 1995 to 2012. It traces the evolution of part‐time waged work in the capital metropolitan region of Attica (Athens) vis‐à‐vis the rest of the country's regional labour markets, focusing on the polarized 2005–2012 period and the demise of the construction industry. The article highlights that ‘disrupted’ capital switching that occurred in Greece, closely associated with recalibrated sectoral priorities and institutional interventions, resulted in the uneven sprawling of underemployment. Our findings offer insight into how the dismantling of spatial fixes within core metropolitan regions of the southern European Union (and beyond) are connected to labour surplus and successive slumps in manufacturing and construction. The article closes by calling for new theorizations of contemporary urban regional unevenness and its spatiotemporal fixities, which account for the role of changes in labour turnover time.     

The Unintended Consequences of Italy's Labour Laws: How Extensive Labour Regulation Distorts the Italian Economy

Simple solutions to complex problems often have unintended and undesirable consequences. An example is Italy's approach to combating unemployment. Rigid laws designed to protect the employed perversely discourage businesses from hiring and people from working. They also encourage precarious temporary employment among young people, informal work, and under‐the‐table deals that compromise worker benefits. The numbers of Italy's unemployed and of those outside the workforce are much higher than official estimates suggest. Italy's employment protection legislation – arguably the most restrictive in Europe – creates that which it seeks to prevent: the insecurity of unemployment.     

收入分配与社会福利函数

本文借助最优化方法,建立了分布不确定前提下的社会福利评价模型,研究了最优分布函数与偏好之间的关系,获得了帕累托分布和指数分布为最优分布的条件。本文还在给定条件下导出了社会福利函数的一般表达式,将社会福利函数表示为最低收入水平、平均水平和基尼系数的函数。这一表达形式既有前人提出的一些典型社会福利函数的优点,又克服了其缺陷。最后,本文对社会福利函数的政策含义进行了讨论并就重构宏观经济学微观基础提出了一些思路。     

Concomitants of Record Values Arising from Morgenstern Type Bivariate Logistic Distribution and Some of their Applications in Parameter Estimation

In this paper we have obtained the joint probability density function of concomitants of two record values and hence obtained an explicit expression for the product moment of concomitants of two record values arising from Morgenstern family of distributions. Appling this expression for the product moments of concomitants of record values we have derived the best linear unbiased estimators based on concomitants of record values of some parameters involved in Morgenstern type bivariate logistic distribution which is a subfamily of the Morgenstern family of distributions. The efficiencies of these estimators based on the first n concomitants of record values for n≤10 are also obtained.     

初次分配扭曲、财政支出城市偏向与城乡收入差距——来自中国省级面板数据的经验证据

本文在理论分析的基础上,利用中国的省级面板数据和差分广义矩、系统广义矩的方法实证分析了初次分配扭曲、城市偏向的财政再分配政策对城乡收入差距的影响。研究表明,初次分配中劳动报酬比重的下降、城市偏向的财政再分配政策是导致我国城乡收入差距扩大的重要原因。应该通过提高初次分配中劳动者报酬比重,扭转科教文卫、福利保障支出的城市偏向来缩小城乡收入差距。     

The Effect of Oil Prices on Field Production: Evidence from the Norwegian Continental Shelf

I use detailed field‐level data on Norwegian offshore oil production and a semi‐parametric additive model to control for the production profile of fields to estimate the effect of oil prices on production. I find no significant evidence of a concurrent reaction of field production to oil prices, though a modest lagged effect is found of the magnitude of approximately 2% to 7% for a $10 per barrel increase in the real price of oil.     

Impact of Changes in Consumer Preferences on Sectoral Labour Reallocation: Evidence from the Italian Economy

This study empirically investigates the impact of changes in consumer preferences on labour reallocation across the Italian economic sectors. For this purpose, coherent sectoral time series of consumer preferences and labour units are constructed from Italian national accounts and consumption expenditure data. In line with recent firm‐level evidence, empirical findings indicate a positive and significant effect of preference changes on labour reallocation. Results are robust to several econometric specifications, different procedures to elicit preference changes, as well as the introduction of time‐varying price coefficient and sector‐specific effects of total consumption expenditure.     

浅析二项分布、泊松分布和正态分布之间的关系

二项分布、泊松分布和正态分布一直是学习和研究概率统计的基础。在一定条件下,这三个分布之间存在着密切关系。文章通过求极限分布,研究了二项分布与泊松分布、二项分布与正态分布之间的关系,并利用特征函数和分布函数相互唯一确定这一性质,分析了泊松分布和正态分布之间的关系。     

房价、房产税、土地财政困境的研究综述与思考

本文回顾了近年来有关房产税在立法基础、对于房价的影响、公平性等问题上的一些讨论成果。首先,房产税立法确有瑕疵,需进一步完善法制体系;其次,沪渝试点房产税设计对于房价的抑制作用有限。     

The Scope of the Grants Economy and Income Distribution: An Examination of Intergenerational Transfers of Income

A bstract . Private transfers of income between family members have had significant equalizing effects on the distribution of income in the United States but only recently have they become a subject of research and an element of analysis. Some of the major theoretical developments in the area of income distribution and intergenerational mobility in the rich literature of the grants economy are reviewed. Among the effects of family transfers on income distribution, the most critical considerations in intra-family transfers, tentative results indicate, are those that relate, directly or indirectly, to investments in children during their formative years. Estimates of the size of family transfers include one that in a single year their total was of the magnitude of 30.7 percent of gross national product and another that in 1980 they were 70 percent of total transfers, amounting at least to 1 trillion. Trends in their level and structure are projected.     

Labour flexibility and job market segmentation in Spain: a perspective from the labour demand side

The aim of this research is to conduct a quantitative analysis of the factors leading Spanish companies to adopt certain forms of organization that are typical of flexible businesses and high performance organizations. Despite the supposed inflexibility of the Spanish labour market, the results both point towards the high capacity of Spanish companies to select the form of work organization that best suits them and show the key role that competitive strategy plays when it comes to differentiating or segmenting types of work or workers, over and above the rigid working regulations that, purportedly, standardize labour relations in Spain.     

The relationship between oil prices,the stock market and the exchange rate: Evidence from Mexico

This paper analyzes the variables of oil price, exchange rate and stock market index to explain how they interact with each other in the Mexican economy. The examined period includes monthly data from January 1992 to June 2017. A Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is implemented that includes oil prices, the nominal exchange rate, the Mexican stock market index, and the consumer price index. Results indicate that the exchange rate has a negative and statistically significant effect on the stock market index; this indicates that an appreciation of the exchange rate is related to an increase in the stock market index. It is also found that the consumer price index has a positive effect on the exchange rate and a negative effect on the stock market index. The results also indicate that oil prices are statistically significant against the exchange rate, concluding that an increase in oil prices creates an appreciation of the exchange rate. In addition, the impulse-response functions show that the effects found tend to disappear over time.     

简述企业商品生产经营过程中的全面价值与剩余价值形成原理

企业商品生产经营的实质是通过创造商品的全面价值实现剩余价值的过程。文章论述了全面商品价值论下的企业商品生产经营过程中的全面价值分析计算原理,其是具有非常实际应用作用的理论原理。     

基于区间型数据的城市家庭的收入分布与基尼系数测算方法研究

区间型的数据因其具有较高的可靠性逐渐在调查家庭收入时被采用,但这种数据所反映的收入信息是不完全的。本文提出了在不完全信息条件下,估计家庭收入分布和测算基尼系数的方法。利用清华大学中国金融研究中心24个城市家庭的消费金融调查数据,估计了我国地级以上城市家庭的收入分布。研究表明,复合概率分布更适合描述我国城市家庭的收入分布,同时从收入的角度看也说明我国城市居民家庭群体具有一定的复杂性。我国地级以上城市居民家庭收入的基尼系数在0.35062-0.38210之间,略高于现有文献对城镇居民收入的基尼系数估计。这或许表明基于数值型数据或分组数据计算的基尼系数存在一定程度的低估。     

Family Formation and the Divisions of Labour in Belgian Couple Households

In this chapter the authors describe how a quantitative analysis resulted in a proposal for a qualitative research. The aim of the quantitative research was to analyse the impact of family formation on the division of labour in couple households, based on data from the Panel Study on Belgian Households.In a first step a typology was made based upon data of 1224 Belgian couple households (1995). The second step consisted of a longitudinal analysis for the period between 1992 and 1995. The analysis of the impact of birth on the division of labour gave evidence of the revocability of equal patterns of division of labour.Based on these findings the authors concluded that the classic concept of emancipation does not allow us to understand the empirical phenomena. Hence, the authors proposed a new (qualitative) investigation aimed at clarification and empirical validation of different contents of the concept of emancipation.