住房群租与房改缺失

群租是指居住拥挤并产生较大负外部性效应的居住现象。群租现象产生的直接原因是住房租赁市场中可供租赁房源的供不应求,而深层次的原因在于我国城镇住房制度市场化改革进程中存在的缺陷。群租产生了负的外部性,政府对此加以管制是毋庸置疑的。除了完善有关住房租赁的法律法规外,大力发展我国住房租赁市场,广开出租房源,将有助于群租现象的有效解决。     

Housing Reform to 'Create'Jobs

Analyses of state intervention in the housing market often ignore its crippling effects, as a cause of massive unemployment Professor Patrick Minford (top), Paul Ashton (centre) and Michael Peel, of the University of Liverpool's Department of Applied Economics, call for wholesale removal tof state-imposed rigidities in housing to increase the demand for labour, restore incentives, reduce distortions in the price of land and housing     

住房泡沫与城市人口增长

住房泡沫给家庭经济活动、产业结构调整和经济增长方式转变带来了巨大挑战,改变着家庭人口规模和城市人口流动规模.本文在索罗增长模型基础上构筑了住房泡沫与城市人口增长的理论框架.通过分析住房泡沫变化对家庭生育和迁移决策的动态影响机制发现:住房泡沫对人口增长的直接影响取决于经济增长方式;住房泡沫从抚养成本和家庭收入两个方面改变家庭净抚养人口数,进而间接影响人口增长率;住房泡沫通过驱动资本增长率,调整产业间劳动力配置,间接使人口增长率随资本增长率的增加而减少.     

和谐城市化及其测度理论体系

实施积极的城市化战略,有利于改善生态环境,节约土地资源,提高人口素质,控制人口增长,推动整个社会走向和谐。通过对和谐与和谐社会的理解,充分挖掘和谐城市化的深刻内涵及其发展特征,并通过发展度、协调度、持续度以及三者的有机统一体——和谐度来衡量城市化的和谐发展能力。     

Fundamental Tax Reform and Residential Housing

The impact of consumption-based, fundamental Federal tax reform on the housing market has been a controversial and difficult topic. We employ a dynamic, numerical simulation model of the aggregate housing market to augment our understanding of the key forces at work in the short-run and over longer periods. This approach suggests that integrating the short-run and long-term impacts of tax reform leads to the possibility that there will be relatively modest impacts on the nominal values of existing housing. The results indicate that an important topic for future research is the elasticity of housing supply in the short run and long run.     

Housing Reform in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China

It has been widely suggested that housing reforms in China face many obstacles, such as the entrenchment of the work unit system and low affordability of households. Housing policy development is now an important area for research, resulting in a large number of publications inside China. Most of these, however, are related to Beijing and Shanghi only. The objective of this paper is to provide an up-to-date review of housing reforms in Southern China by examining the two wealthiest cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The study is baseed onan an alysis of the literature, government legislation documents, interviews with government officials and press articles.     

Housing the Urban Poor in Developing Countries

A bstract . Governments in developing countries will face increasingly serious problems in providing adequate shelter for the more than 25 million households that will be added to their urban populations by the end of this century A review of the magnitude of their housing deficits discloses the growing need for low-cost shelter. Public housing, sites-and-services, slum upgrading , and government assisted self-help-programs have failed to provide sufficient housing to meet the needs of the poor. These must be supplemented by programs that reduce the costs of housing construction and increase the participation of communities, the informal sector, and private enterprise in providing low-cost housing. Analysis of the results of conventional government housing programs offers little hope of an adequate amelioration of the problem.     

Housing the Urban Poor in Developing Countries

A bstract . Conventional Shelter policies that focus on slum clearance, public housing, sites-and-Services, upgrading of core dwellings and government assisted self-help are inadequate to meet the growing needs of the urban poor in developing countries for low-cost housing. An examination is made of alternative options including cooperative housing programs and of policies that lower housing construction costs and encourage the participation of the urban poor, the informal sector, and private enterprise in low-cost shelter construction. Such policies include those that modify land use and building regulations , that increase the incomes of the poor so that they can afford privately constructed dwellings or the materials to build their own houses , and that increase the security of land occupation to encourage self-help activities. Governments in developing countries must give more attention to tailoring housing policies to the needs of the urban poor, to developing multiple modes of shelter provision, and to strengthening the housing finance system.     

基于科学发展观与构建和谐社会的城市经济学变革——对饶会林先生《关于经济学变革的几个问题探讨》的探讨

科学发展、和谐发展与资本主义的"资本奴役劳动"、"强国奴役弱国"和所谓的"自由民主发展"观之争,决定了两种制度安排取向和对立的发展结果.因此,主要为资本利益服务的所谓"主流经济学"正面临一场深刻而重大的变革,发展中的社会主义经济学任重而道远.西方经济学"理性经济人"假说和市场中心论必须有新的扬弃与变革,而立足于科学与和谐发展框架的城市经济学变革需求紧迫、任务艰巨、意义重大,至少有十个方面发展中的难点、热点必须尽快取得突破与发展.     

Social and Spatial Implications of Housing Reform in China

Research into eastern European housing reform indicates that privatization has been accompanied by processes of social and physical exclusion and segregation. Has the Chinese housing reform been accompanied by similar problems? This paper addresses this question by examining the early evidence on the social and spatial consequences of housing reform. It begins with a discussion of the particular social and spatial patterns of Chinese cities developed during the early years of Communist control and then examines the social and spatial impacts of housing reform. It is argued that although housing reform has brought significant changes to the housing provision system and improved many urban residents' living conditions, it has not entirely broken the traditional system. Reform was to a large extent carried out within work‐unit establishments and has had very different impacts for different social and economic groups. In addition, spatial impacts in urban areas have varied between old and new areas and between rich and poor areas. La recherche sur les réformes du logement en Europe de l'est montre que la privatisation a été accompagnée de processus d'exclusion et de ségrégation physique et sociale. La réforme chinoise du logement a‐t‐elle été accompagnée de problèmes identiques? Cet article examine les premières données sur les conséquences sociales et spatiales de la réforme du logement. Il commence par une discussion des modèles sociaux et spatiaux particuliers aux villes chinoises développés durant les premières années du contrôle communiste et examine ensuite l'impact social et spatial de la réforme du logement. Bien que la réforme du logement ait apporté des changements significatifs au système de provision du logement et amélioré les conditions de vie de nombreux résidents urbains, elle n'a pas entièrement rompu avec le système traditionnel. La réforme a été en grande partie conduite à l'intérieur des établissements d'unités de travail et a eu un impact très différent sur les divers groupes sociaux et économiques. De plus, les impacts spatiaux dans les régions urbaines ont varié selon que les régions sont anciennes ou nouvelles et riches ou pauvres.     

我国城市“以房养老”的问题与对策研究

针对我国城市老龄化加剧和未富先老的现实问题,从养老金短缺、独居老人数量增大、机构养老供给不足几个方面,从老年人日常交往特点出发,对目前我国城市养老存在的问题进行了详细分析.同时,分析国外较为成熟的经验,提出了适合我国“以房养老”的改进措施.     

Housing as a Means of Sustainable Economic Recovery in Southeast Asia

This paper addresses the economic crisis in Southeast Asia as it effects the housing sector there. Our basic argument is that the lower end of the formal housing market sector (worker housing) provides the best opportunity to restore productive employment activity while addressing basic housing needs. We call for a range of policy measures to support this outcome, based in part on the recent experience in Japan with declining real estate markets. The policies include limited subsidies, guarantees and insurance for housing loans, along with a downward indexing of housing loans, strategic infrastructure investment and promotion of local building materials. These measures are necessary under the current circumstances of deficient aggregate demand. The key is to target demand increments where they are most likely to meet the basic need for shelter while generating productive market-based activity.     

公务员住房与城市公共住房政策的协调研究

在城市公共住房政策的大背景下研究和设计公务员住房政策对于后者发展的合理性和稳定性具有重要的意义。本文以公务员住房政策与城市公共住房政策的协调为研究对象,主要结论如下:城市公共住房政策面临的是租不起房和买不起房两种巨大的供需缺口并存,而公务员住房问题主要表现为购房的供需缺口。公务员住房政策应以实现内部的公平和全社会的公平为方向,改变完全按职级轮候职工住宅和发放住房补贴的做法,由直接提供转向按困难程度和职级结合的货币化补贴为主,对补贴后依然存在购房困难的公务员,才提供职工住宅和周转房。