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1.
本文在深入分析食物安全、家庭食物安全内涵的基础上,利用12个国家挟贫重点县的农户调查资料,通过构建指标体系对我国贫困农村的家庭食物安全水平和程度进行衡量和评价,并对其影响因素进行了分析,结果表明:近20多年来,我国贫困农村地区的家庭食物安全水平不断提高,食物安全广度不断扩大,但是食物安全深度却出现下降;食物获得能力对家庭食物安全具有显著的正影响,提高贫困农村地区居民的收入水平和家庭粮食自给能力有助于降低家庭的食物不安全发生概率;食物可获得性对家庭食物安全具有非常显著的正影响,市场方便度越高,实现家庭食物安全的概率越高;家庭规模和家庭结构对家庭食物安全具有显著影响,随着家庭规模、家庭结构复杂程度和家庭温饱负担程度的提高,农户面临的食物不安全风险的概率也在增加。  相似文献   

2.
粮食安全与水环境安全之间的冲突关系是关乎我国可持续发展的重要问题.首先,从理论上分析了区域粮食安全和水环境安全之间的关系,探讨了农业生产技术在调控二者关系中的根本性作用.其次,基于1979~ 2007年我国粮食产量及相关投入要素数据,定量估计了反映农业生产技术水平的粮食生产函数,发现种植面积、灾害情况和化肥施用量是影响粮食产量的主要因素.最后,对我国2020年粮食安全与水环境安全之间关系的分析表明,为了保障2020年的粮食安全,在现有生产技术不变的条件下,耕地施肥量需要达到407.8kg/hm2,即使采用测土配方施肥技术,也需要施肥346.6kg/hm2,两者均高于环境安全阈值,即我国2020年的粮食安全和水环境安全将难以兼得.提高农业生产技术水平并综合运用多种管理手段来促进农业生产行为的转型,对缓解粮食安全与水环境安全之间的冲突关系、促进国家的可持续发展非常必要.  相似文献   

3.
后疫情时代粮食发展与粮食安全   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
后疫情时代,世界粮食发展与安全格局发生新变化。稳定发展粮食生产,继续解决好吃饭问题,是治国理政的头等大事。改革开放以来,特别是党的十八大以来,我国粮食发展与安全取得重大成就,堪称伟大奇迹。中国特色的“三农”理念、农村改革、制度政策、农业经营主体、农业科技创新,为国家粮食发展与安全奇迹的创造提供了有力支撑。面对当前全球粮食生产及供给面临的新形势新挑战,必须深入贯彻习近平总书记关于粮食安全的重要论述,认真学习贯彻十九届五中全会精神,进一步强化对粮食地位、功能及内涵的认识,从维护国家安全、应对国际地缘政治新挑战和新冠肺炎疫情影响、支撑国家经济社会稳定发展、加快形成双循环发展新格局和全面建设社会主义现代化国家的战略高度,坚持把“三农”工作摆在全党工作的重中之重地位,坚定不移地走中国特色粮食发展与安全之路。  相似文献   

4.
中国甘薯生产布局变迁及动因分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 基于1985—2017年中国省域层面的甘薯数据,文章实证研究甘薯生产布局变迁及动因分析。方法 采用GIS技术和重心理论分析中国甘薯种植面积、产量、生产集中度、比较优势的区域变迁规律及重心移动轨迹,并运用Tobit模型探析中国甘薯生产布局变迁的动因。结果 (1)中国甘薯生产已形成四川盆地区、黄淮海平原区、长江中下游地区和华南区四大农业区生产格局;(2)华南区和四川盆地区有显著的规模优势与综合比较优势,黄淮海平原区和华南区有显著的效率优势;(3)中国甘薯种植面积和产量的重心都具有明显的向西向南移动趋势,且“西扩”速度大于“南扩”;(4)甘薯有效灌溉面积、农村非农就业水平、农业技术进步和良种补贴政策对甘薯生产布局变迁的强度及方向起决定性作用。结论 把握甘薯生产变迁规律,了解其变迁驱动原因,对优化甘薯生产布局,保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
Urban agriculture (UA) is rapidly growing in popularity and significance across the Western hemisphere. For over two decades North Americans have embraced the concept, although in Europe the idea of UA has only recently gained attention from academics, practitioners and policy makers. Networks are beginning to form in the UK, sometimes bound by a ‘food charter’: a statement of aims which bring together businesses, practitioners and other bodies involved or interested in sustainable food systems. More recently, food charters have become popular tools for pursuing the UA agenda. In this paper we provide a view on this method of moving forward the local food agenda; primarily using a case study of Birmingham, we comment on its success and potential for the future.  相似文献   

6.
牢牢掌握粮食安全主动权   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
粮食安全是永恒的主题,确保国家粮食安全事关重大.虽然中国目前已实现"谷物基本自给,口粮绝对安全",在粮食安全方面具有足够的底气,但从长期来看,始终面临一系列挑战性问题与需要平衡的利益关系.为此,本文认为确保粮食安全要抓其根本,充分发挥各方面积极因素,保障粮食总量稳定增长,牢牢掌握粮食安全主动权.  相似文献   

7.
对近期与中长期中国粮食安全的再认识   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
粮食安全始终是国家经济、社会稳定与发展的基础,突如其来的新冠疫情在影响中国与全球经济发展的同时,也引起社会各界对粮食安全问题的广泛关注。本文分析了中国粮食安全保障现况、近期各界关注粮食安全的主要问题和未来面临的挑战,并预测中长期主要粮食供需变动趋势。分析表明,近期和中长期中国口粮绝对安全,未来饲料粮(玉米和大豆等)进口将逐渐增长以保障国内畜产品的供给安全;而笼统的粮食安全概念往往误导社会各界和政府。口粮安全、饲料或畜产品安全是中国粮食安全已至食物安全的关键问题。最后,本文提出保障国家粮食安全的相关政策建议。  相似文献   

8.
本文应用中国农业CGE模型,就中国在WTO“后过渡期”进一步的贸易自由化对经济和粮食安全的影响进行了模拟和分析。基本的结论是:中国的贸易自由化会对粮食安全产生一定的冲击,引致粮食自给率下降;但这种影响要在现实中显形化需要一定的条件。  相似文献   

9.
10.
[目的]粮食问题关系国家安全、政治稳定和社会安定,是实施乡村振兴战略的首要任务。深入剖析新时期下农户粮食生产的影响因素,是保证国家粮食安全的现实要求。[方法]文章基于农户实地调研数据,运用工具变量法和样本选择修正模型分析农业机械化水平对农户主粮生产的影响。[结果](1)农业机械化水平对农户主粮生产有显著的正向影响,农业机械化水平每提高1%,农户主粮单产就提高1.219%,其中,水稻单产增加1.220 7%,小麦单产增加0.807 6%,玉米单产增加1.106 4%,马铃薯单产增加1.3798%。(2)从控制变量来看,户主受教育年限、户主务农经验、粮食补贴、农药化肥投入和平原地形都对不同主粮作物生产有积极作用,家庭外出务工占比、土地流转和气候极端变化都对不同主粮作物生产有消极作用。[结论]在农户不大幅调整当前主粮种植结构的前提下,适当增加马铃薯种植面积,提高种粮农户农业机械补贴力度,推广农机社会化作业服务模式,从而提高粮食产量,保障国家粮食安全。  相似文献   

11.
    
Food security for the world in 2025 is possible and probable if the right set of things are done, starting now. But the task will not be easy. It is both a technology and a political/economic challenge. The challenge for sub-Saharan Africa is even greater. While other regions improved per capita food availability over the last 30 years, Africa's availability declined. But food security is about more than supply. It is also about access which means income generating employment is critical. Meeting future requirements in Africa and the world will require sustainable intensification of complex production systems, appropriate national and international policies and continued investments in agricultural research. Without these conditions and increased employment intensive growth, prospects for the future are less bright.  相似文献   

12.
基于SSM的山东省粮食生产变化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
山东省作为粮食主产区的13个粮食生产大省之一,在满足区域粮食需求和为国家提供余粮中作用重大,为明确山东省粮食生产结构中不同作物的变化特点和竞争优势,文章利用偏离-份额分析模型对山东省的粮食生产变化进行研究.分析结果表明:(1)山东省粮食作物增长的积极因素主要还是国家粮食整体增长的大背景;主要作物小麦、玉米均具有结构性发展优势,但不具区域竞争优势.主要原因是山东小麦的单产增长率低于全国,玉米播种面积增长率低于全国.(2)山东省粮食作物单产和粮食作物播面比重在全国均处较高水平,未来如农业技术条件没有重大突破,作物比较效益没有重大变化,山东省粮食产量继续增长将较为困难.  相似文献   

13.
    
Urban agriculture (UA) can be highly productive in terms of yield per unit area, however productivity is limited by available land and high input requirements. We determined how much of the food supply of Sydney, Australia, could be produced through UA by synthesising yield data from 13 UA gardens with information on labour and key material inputs and using spatial analyses to assess available land area. We modelled three scenarios with varying proportions of available land used for food production; 25 %, 50 % or 75 % of domestic yard space along with street verges and unused land (e.g. vacant lots). Around 15 % of Sydney’s total food supply, or its entire vegetable supply, could be produced through UA under the low range scenario, increasing to 34 % under the highest land use scenario. Under the low range scenario, all necessary irrigation water and organic soil amendments could be obtained from local waste streams, though these sources were insufficient to meet the needs of higher range scenarios. Available labour was a limiting factor in all scenarios, with the entire population being insufficient to meet labour needs required to maintain food production under efficiency and labour investment regimes typical of amateur urban gardeners. Establishing a professionalised UA workforce with greater labour efficiency would be required for managing the available land, however this scenario would likely require changes in public attitudes towards use of private land. These social issues, rather than physical limitations, may be the biggest factors preventing cities like Sydney from obtaining a non-trivial proportion of their food supply from UA.  相似文献   

14.
[目的]在我国农民工劳动力供给紧张和农村劳动力短缺的背景下,养老保障对农民劳动供给的影响是一个值得关注的问题,通过运用\"中国健康与养老追踪调査\"(CHARLS)调研数据分析养老保障对农民群体劳动供给时间的影响。[方法]根据2013年CHARLS数据,运用Tobit模型研究分析了我国农村养老保障对农民群体每周和每年劳动供给时间的影响。[结果]养老保障可以降低农民每周的劳动时间,但对全年的总劳动时间影响不显著。其中:(1)根据年龄,养老保障可以降低老年农民的劳动时间,对中青年农民的影响不显著;(2)根据性别,养老保障可以降低男性农民的劳动时间,对女性农民的影响不显著。[结论]养老保障减少农民每周的劳动时间,降低了农民劳动的时间密集度,尤其对老年农民的短期劳动供给影响非常明显。众所周知为了促进我国经济更有效率地发展,关键要提高农民劳动的供给结构和效率而不仅仅增加供给时间。养老保障减轻了农民的心理负担,理性的农民会降低劳动时间或者将劳动平均分配到更长的时间段进而改善健康。出于改善农民生活和提高幸福指数的角度考虑,建议加强农村社会保障的建设,减轻农民劳作负担。  相似文献   

15.
    
Adoption of improved crop varieties can lead to multiple benefits to farm households, including increased productivity, incomes, and food consumption. However, possible impacts of adoption on child nutrition outcomes are rarely explored in the literature. This article helps bridge this gap through an impact assessment of the adoption of improved maize varieties (IMVs) on child nutrition outcomes using a recent household survey from rural Ethiopia. The conceptual linkage between IMV adoption and child nutrition is first established using an agricultural household model. Instrumental variable estimation suggests the overall impacts of adoption on child height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age z‐scores to be positive and significant. Quantile instrumental variable regressions further reveal that such impacts are largest among children with poorest nutrition outcomes. Finally, by combining a decomposition procedure with system of equations estimation, it is found that the increase in own‐produced maize consumption is the major channel through which IMV adoption affects child nutrition.  相似文献   

16.
近30年我国粮食总产量出现了较大的波动,中国的粮食安全重新引起社会各界的广泛关注.本文在分析我国近30年影响粮食安全因素的基础上,运用定量分析方法,探讨自然资源和人为因素对粮食生产的影响,包括耕地面积、粮食播种面积、有效灌溉面积、农用机械总动力、化肥施用量等因素与粮食总产量的相关关系.结果显示,相关系数依次为:化肥施用量>农用机械总动力>有效灌溉面积>粮食播种面积>耕地面积.  相似文献   

17.
    
The case for promoting export‐oriented cash crops in Africa has generally been based on their direct potential contribution to agricultural productivity and small farmer incomes. A relatively neglected avenue of research concerns the synergistic effects that cash cropping can have on other household activities, including food production. The conventional view that cash crops compete with food crops for land and labour neglects the potential for cash crop schemes to make available inputs on credit, management training, and other resources that can contribute to food crop productivity, which might otherwise not be accessible to farmers if they did not participate in cash crop programs. This article builds on previous research by hypothesising key pathways by which cash crops may affect food crop activities and empirically measuring these effects using the case of cotton in Gokwe North District in Zimbabwe. Analysis is based on instrumental variable analysis of survey data on 430 rural households in 1996. Results indicate that—after controlling for household assets, education and locational differences—households engaging intensively in cotton production obtain higher grain yields than non‐cotton and marginal cotton producers. We also find evidence of regional spill‐over effects whereby commercialisation schemes induce second round investments in a particular area that provide benefits to all farmers in that region, regardless of whether they engage in that commercialisation scheme. The study suggests that the potential spill‐over benefits for food crops through participation in cash crop programs are important to consider in the development of strategies designed to intensify African food crop production.  相似文献   

18.
    
Household food security among smallholder farmers is sensitive to a variable and changing climate, requiring farmers in the Gamo Highlands of Ethiopia to adopt new land management practices to improve food security. Agricultural land in the Gamo Highlands is highly fragmented. The extent to which land fragmentation (LF) moderates the food security effects of sustainable land management (SLM) practices is unknown. This study used probit and Poisson models to explain this relationship. The study found that food insecurity was severe during the food shortfall season. LF provides more potential opportunities for improving food security than challenges. Furthermore, SLM practices had both positive and negative effects on food security and their effects were conditioned by the magnitude of LF. Reducing severe LF through the assembly of small parcels into larger heterogeneous plot clusters could enhance food security by exploiting synergies between adaptation practices and LF.  相似文献   

19.
    
The study aims to track adoption of improved chickpea varieties, and assess their on‐farm benefits in some remote and backward tribal villages in Gujarat, India, where few newly developed varieties were introduced by a non‐government organization. It also determines key factors which were influencing their adoption. The study found that adoption of improved chickpea varieties was gradually increasing by replacing a prominent local variety. Duration of crop maturity, farm size, yield risk, and farmers' experience of growing chickpea crop were significantly influencing their adoption. The on‐farm benefits as a result of improved varieties were realized in terms of increased yield levels, higher income and labor productivity, more marketable surplus, price premium and stabilized yields in fluctuating weather. Breeding short duration varieties with stable yield levels under varying weather, and organizing seed multiplication and dissemination in regions, where moisture stress is a problem during maturity of chickpea, are the major suggestions.  相似文献   

20.
    
Nutrition security has been studied but rarely in the context of a developed economy. Furthermore, few studies have looked at how fluctuating produce process may influence nutrition security and how consumers cope with abrupt macro-economic changes. Between 2014 and 2015, Canadian consumers saw produce prices jump by more than 25% in a year in some cases. This exploratory survey looks at socioeconomic factors and evaluates how price increases influence produce consumption and substitution. A total of 1007 respondents participated in a cross national survey over a two-week period. Results show that lower income households are more vulnerable than higher income respondents. Results also explore a few more behavioral factors such as where produce shopping occurs and how market data is gathered before purchases. Respondents who consult flyers and use apps are more likely to behave rationally and cope with changing prices. Some limitations are presented. And finally, future research thrusts related to produce price fluctuations and nutrition security are suggested.  相似文献   

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