Face Value: Information and Signaling in an Illegal Market

Economists argue that rich information environments and formal enforcement of contracts are necessary to prevent market failures when information asymmetries exist. We test for the necessity of formal enforcement to overcome the problems of asymmetric information by estimating the value of information in an illegal market with a particularly rich information structure: the online market for male sex work. We assemble a rich data set from the largest and most comprehensive online male sex worker Web site to estimate the effect of information on pricing. We show how clients of male sex workers informally police the market in a way that makes signaling credible. Using institutional knowledge, we identify the specific signal male sex workers use to communicate quality to clients: face pictures. We find that there is a substantial return to the signal in this market. The findings provide novel evidence on the ability of rich information environments to overcome problems of asymmetric information without formal enforcement mechanisms.     

How Large Looms the Ghost of the Past? State Dependence versus Heterogeneity in Coordination Games

In games with multiple, Pareto‐rankable equilibria and repeated play, does a history of playing an inefficient equilibrium make it harder for players to reach the efficient equilibrium? In other words, can people “get stuck” in bad equilibria? Previous studies have found support for this, but they have relied on naturally occurring variation in precedent. I implement randomized control to establish that precedent effects are important, but that naturally occurring variation exaggerates the importance of precedent. I present evidence that some of the endogeneity of naturally occurring precedents is due to variation in risk attitudes. This is because in the coordination games used, the inefficient equilibrium is associated with a safe strategy. Understanding the causal effect of precedent is important since many development problems are viewed as coordination games. Moreover, an appreciation of the way in which potential heterogeneity may interact with the policy is essential when trying to lift groups out of bad precedents.     

Information Effects in Uniform Price Multi‐Unit Dutch Auctions

We design a multi‐unit descending‐price (Dutch) auction mechanism that has applications for resource allocation and pricing problems. We address specific auction design choices by theoretically and experimentally determining optimal information disclosure along two dimensions. Bidders are either informed of the number of bidders in the auction, or know that it is one of two possible sizes; they also either know the number of units remaining for sale or are unaware of how many units have been taken by other bidders. We find that revealing group size decreases bids, and therefore revenue, if units remaining are not shown. When group size is unknown the price also falls if the number of units remaining is revealed. The most efficient and largest revenue outcome occurs when bidders are not provided information on either group size or units remaining. These laboratory results conform to some directional predictions from our theory, although overbidding is common.     

基于Cult3D的数码摄像机使用介绍系统设计与实现

通过虚拟现实构建软件实现摄像机展示系统的完整过程,详细描述在三维建模软件中建立摄像机模型,在Cult3D实现虚拟环境下摄像机的虚拟操作,并探讨了3D MAX与Cult3D的接口,以及Cult3D文件进行网络发布的问题。     

安徽省R&D统计工作的现状及对策建议

在安徽省RD统计工作面临新挑战的形势下,对RD统计工作开展现状的进行全面总结,深入研究安徽省RD经费投入特点以及存在问题,据此提出推进安徽省RD统计工作的对策建议,为顺利完成2015年规划目标任务打好工作基础。     

合芜蚌R&D经费投入现状分析及政策建议

R&D经费投入是R&D投入的重要组成部分,也是R&D活动开展的保障。文章分析了合芜蚌R&D经费投入总量、强度和结构,以及其所表现出的一些特点,探讨了合芜蚌R&D经费投入规模和强度等方面存在的问题及产生这些问题的因素,就政府R&D经费投入提出了一些政策建议。     

Contests and the Private Production of Public Goods

The private provision of public goods generally suffers from two types of efficiency failures: sorting problems (the wrong individuals contribute) and quantity problems (an inefficient amount is provided). Embedding the provision game into a contest that rewards larger contributions with higher probabilities of winning a prize may remedy such failures. Applications include tenure decisions at universities, electoral competition among politicians, etc. We identify a tradeoff between the value of the prize and the decisiveness of the contest. High‐powered incentives in contests may cause an overprovision of the public good or wasteful participation of unproductive individuals in the contest.     

对中国高技术产业发展评价分析

本文对近几年我国高技术产业高速稳步发展的状况进行了分析,并指出了我国高技术产业发展存在的问题,最后对我国发展高技术产业提出了建议。     

A general equilibrium evaluation of trade and industrial policy changes in Austria and Hungary

A General Equilibrium Evaluation of Trade and Industrial Policy Changes in Austria and Hungary. — Two linked static CGE models — based on 1990 data — are used to study effects of trade liberalization, problems of migration and changes in industrial policy in Austria and Hungary. The huge differences in factor endowment (Hungary is relatively labour abundant, Austria is relatively capital abundant) gives Hungary a strong competitive position in the production and export of lowwage products. Austria should have comparative advantages in products with high capital content when trading with Hungary. Although trade liberalization helps to improve welfare, much stronger effects follow from factor migration and capital accumulation through the transformation process in Hungary.     

实施企业研发费用税前加计扣除政策的成效分析与对策研究——以福建省为例

企业研发费用税前加计扣除政策是我国通过税收优惠激励企业加大研发投入和提升自主创新能力的有效举措之一。立足福建省实施企业研发费用税前加计扣除政策主要措施与成效的基础上,对该政策在实施中存在的问题和原因进行分析,从而提出具有实践性和可操作的对策建议。     

南京发展研发产业的SWOT分析

南京市研发产业的发展居于全国前列,但从总体上来看,南京市研发产业还存在研发投入强度不足、政府支持力度不够、研发支出结构不尽合理等问题。通过对南京市发展研发产业进行SWOT分析,为南京市研发产业的有序发展和结构优化调整提供一定的理论支持和可能的实践途径。     

广东高新技术企业享受研发费用加计扣除政策的现状、存在问题及对策建议

研发费用加计扣除税收优惠政策具有引导资源合理配置,激发企业研发活力,推动自主创新的作用。本文基于对广东高新技术企业的统计分析和调研,深入了解企业享受研发费用加计扣除政策的现状及存在问题,并提出对策建议。     

完善我国R＆D统计制度的对策思考

我国的R＆D统计始于20世纪80年代,至今已初步建立了依托于科技统计制度的符合国际标准的R＆D统计制度。但由于开展R＆D统计的时间较短,现行R＆D统计制度中还存在一定的缺陷,影响到统计数据的质量。文章结合笔者的调查情况,指出了我国R＆D统计在统计报表设计及统计工作组织方面存在的问题,并进行了具体分析,最后提出了完善R＆D统计制度的对策建议。     

The new main bank system

We develop a main bank model where the main bank decides whether or not to raise additional funds from the capital market to continue to invest in a borrowing firm when nonmain banks withdraw funds. We show that the threat of withdrawal of nonmain banks is more likely to force the main bank to perform efficiently in handling troubled loans, thereby preventing problems with zombie firms, if the potential cash flow (liquidation value) of the firm decreases (increases) relative to the amount funded by nonmain banks. The theoretical results provide both efficiency evaluations for the renewal of the main bank relation in Japan after the end of the 1990s and empirical implications for the renewed main bank system.     

Inducing political action by workers

A firm aiming to influence a governmental policy may benefit from political action by its stakeholders, such as workers. This article studies the behavior of such a firm, showing that workers will have a greater incentive to engage in costly political activity against the governmental policy the greater their number and the higher the wage. The firm may, therefore, profit from paying above‐market wages and from hiring what might appear to be an inefficiently large number of workers. And because unions may overcome free‐rider problems of uncoordinated political effort, a firm may favor unionization, or be less opposed to unionization than it would otherwise be. The results of this article can also explain why firms may little reduce wages in a recession, and why the higher wages paid by unionized firms do not reduce survival rates of these firms.     

基于熵值法的出版上市企业研发能力评价

随着出版业融合发展步伐的加快,研发和创新驱动成为出版业提升内生发展动力的利器,并将深入赋能文化强国和数字中国建设。为客观评价出版企业研发能力水平,利用熵值法构建评价指标体系对我国17家上市出版企业研发能力进行测度。通过分析评价结果,发现出版企业存在研发投入不足、投入产出率低、会计核算不统一、技术标准不统一等问题,并针对这些问题提出相关建议,以期助力我国出版企业更好的进行研发创新,实现高质量发展。     

Income versus Consumption Inequality in Korea: Evaluating Stochastic Dominance Rankings by Various Household Attributes

Using four rounds (1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008) of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, the present paper examines determinants of household income and consumption levels and inequalities. Unconditional as well as conditional stochastic dominance tests are performed by year, by household heads’ characteristics (age, education, gender, health, marital status and occupation) and by household characteristics (household type, household size and degree of urbanization). Mean least squares regression techniques are used to predict conditional expectations. The residuals containing effects for each characteristic conditional on the remaining characteristics are then used for the stochastic dominance analysis employing extended Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests of first‐order and second‐order dominance in distribution of income and consumption. The results provide a detailed and up‐to‐date picture of inequality and poverty by subgroup in Korea, which helps in targeting particularly vulnerable groups. While inequality in disposable income is found to be substantial, consumption inequality is less substantial. Households headed by the elderly, the uneducated, the divorced, the widowed, females, and those with health problems are found to be the most vulnerable groups.     

宁夏重点研发计划体系改革和运行机制优化研究

应用数据统计分析、文本分析等研究方法,采用实地查看、专家咨询、单独访谈、会议询问等调研方式,结合电话访谈、邮件咨询,对2017—2018年度立项在研的宁夏重点研发计划重大和重点项目运行成效和运行机制开展研究,总结宁夏重点研发计划的运行成效,深入分析重点研发计划的运行中存在的关键问题,并对重点研发计划体系改革和运行机制优化提出了有针对性、可操作性的建议,为进一步推动"放管服"改革、提升科技计划运行效能、全面落实创新驱动战略提供了方向.     

电网科研企业研发策略博弈选择及专利交易增值期权分析

电网科研企业目前还是以自主研发为主,但企业与企业之间的交流也愈发频繁,促使合作研发效率也在不断提高。合作研发能够互补长短,资源利用效率更高,也将成为未来的重要研发策略。研发项目具有不确定性、不可逆性和竞争性的特点,本文结合这些特性,应用博弈理论,对两个企业在自主研发与合作研发的博弈问题提出了均衡分析的解决办法。此外,针对电网企业专利价值难以体现的问题,本文结合了实物期权理论,研究了专利进入技术市场进行交易的时机问题,顺利实现电网企业专利的增值。     

中国建设新型研发机构的源起、问题及对策建议

建设新型研发机构、推动新型研发机构快速发展是深入实施创新驱动战略、提升国家创新体系整体效能的重要举措。新型研发机构的诞生符合国家创新发展的战略需求,契合科技体制机制改革现实,是提升国家科技创新体系效能的重要抓手, 也是强化国家战略科技力量的重要载体。从实践角度出发,梳理国内外典型新型研发机构情况,深度分析其多元化、混合型的核心问题,并提出对策建议,为新型研发机构建设实践提供参考。