共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This paper examines whether occupancy of seats affects stock returns of airline companies and how this relationship is affected by WTI oil prices. Our approach combines revenues (occupancy) and costs (oil prices) for 33 U.S. airline companies from 1990 to 2019. Using travel capacity utilization data from U.S. carriers at monthly frequency and exploiting fixed-effects regression models, we document a positive relation between occupancy and stock returns, which is attenuated by oil prices. The role of oil becomes larger with asymmetries: the effects of oil prices are higher when moving up than down. Airline stocks always respond by more than the overall stock market. 相似文献
2.
Benny Mantin Bonwoo Koo 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2009,45(6):1020-1029
This study analyzes the factors that explain the variations of daily airfares across fare histories, or dynamic price dispersion. Empirical analyses show that dynamic price dispersion is significantly influenced by demand characteristics variables such as population, income and the share of business passengers, as well as by competitive pressures stemming from the presence of low-cost carriers, but not by the competition intensity. The impact of these variables intensifies as the departure date approaches. These results imply that in the presence of low-cost carriers, full-service carriers tend to adopt a more aggressive high-low pricing strategy. 相似文献
3.
Although lowest price guarantees (LPGs) are common on airlines’ official websites, a deeper understanding of how customers evaluate these guarantees is lacking. This study examines the effects of two LPG terms—depth of refund and refund conditions—on customer perceptions and purchase intention. An experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with a sample of 282 adults, and structural equation modelling was used to test the model. The results show that refund depth increases customer purchase intention by enhancing perceptions of the believability and value of the LPG. Strict refund conditions enhance customer purchase intention by increasing the believability of the LPGs. 相似文献
4.
How do changing jet fuel prices impact airline revenues? As expenses for jet fuel are one of the most relevant cost factors for airlines, their economic success largely depends on the ability to match changes on the cost side with an adaption on the revenue side. While previous studies primarily focused on the impact of fuel price changes to consumer prices, this paper empirically examines the ability of US airlines to pass-through lagged jet fuel prices to scaled operating revenues from an airline driven perspective. Our results suggest that the extent to which an exogenous increase in fuel prices can be passed on to revenues will deviate according to the competitive situation faced by an airline. Based on these findings our research should also be of interest for European policy makers who are discussing actions to exogenously increase jet fuel prices due to environmental reasons. 相似文献
5.
Sergio Jara-Díaz Alejandro Tirachini Cristin E. Corts 《Journal of Transport Geography》2008,16(6):430
Microeconomic public transport models aimed at maximizing social benefits usually consider demand in an aggregate manner. In this paper we examine the effect of this approach on the optimal values of frequency and vehicle size by comparison with models where demand is described in detail as a matrix of flows between every station in a single line service. The theoretical analysis and the numerical examples suggest that the spatially aggregated model underestimates optimal frequency and overestimates vehicle size. 相似文献
6.
The purpose of this paper is to develop an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to examine how Southeast Asian passengers' internal behavioral factors and external stimuli affect their buying intention and actual purchase of Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) tickets. In addition, how ticket price changes the behaviors of those factors in that model is also examined. A survey of 781 passengers was conducted in two major airports in Thailand to test the hypotheses. The results indicate the important role of passengers' attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control in LCC passenger's buying behavior. More importantly, the presence of the ticket price does change how other factors predict the behavioral intention and actual use of LCCs in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
7.
This paper proposes an innovative multi-period modeling approach to solve the airline fleet planning problem under demand uncertainty. The problem is modeled using a scenario tree approach. The tree is composed of nodes, which represent points of decision in multiple time stages of the planning horizon, and branches, representing demand variation scenarios. The branches link the decision nodes in consequent time stages and compose scenario paths. Fleet decisions are modeled according to these scenario paths, resembling the real-life process in which fleet plans are not defined in a single moment but instead are adjusted according to the demand development. Given that some scenario paths share common decision nodes, decisions among scenarios need to be synchronized. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to determine the ideal fleet composition for each scenario in the tree and to describe this interdependency between scenarios. Considering the probability of a scenario, fleet composition probabilities for each time-period can be determined. Two real-world based case studies are performed to show the validity of the model. Results show that the proposed scenario tree approach can provide flexible multi-period airline fleet plans, which are more robust to future demand scenarios than fleet solutions obtained using the traditional approach of considering a single deterministic demand evolution scenario. 相似文献
8.
Decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the most important tasks for the society in the 21st century. One possibility to decrease emissions originating from transportation is to utilize more rails instead of relying simply on road transportation. In the dry port concept an inland intermodal terminal is connected to a sea port using railways. This study analyzes impacts of dry ports in a Finnish context. We compare two different configurations: In the first one shippers drive directly to a sea port, while in the second one they use dry ports. The systems are evaluated by using discrete-event simulation. In the systems we are interested in two issues: (1) Level of CO2 emissions, and (2) Costs to transport the goods in different configurations. We use different scenarios for future energy prices and estimate both the costs and CO2 emission development in these scenarios. We also compare the results to a situation, where emissions are minimized instead of costs. Implications on larger scale are also discussed, for example in the Baltic Sea and North Sea area, where strict sulfur emission restrictions are seen to harm sea transport and increase concentration on small number of sea ports. 相似文献
9.
We consider the price promotion in a supply chain comprising one manufacturer and one retailer, who take into account the reference price effects of consumers. The problem is analyzed as a manufacturer-lead Stackelberg game. The results indicate that reference price effects could mitigate “double marginalization” effects, and improve the channel efficiency. We also show that the optimal price promotion benefits the manufacturer, retailer and consumers in consumer promotion model. Furthermore, we provide the conditions under which the retailer has an interest in offering price promotion to consumers. Finally, we employ numerical analysis to demonstrate more managerial insights. 相似文献
10.
In the aggregate freight demand modeling literature, temporal assignment (annual to daily flows) is often oversimplified or neglected altogether. Unlike passenger flows, freight flows over the course of a year are not uniform and can vary significantly as the result of trade-offs between inventory and transportation cost management. We introduce the first temporal assignment model that explicitly considers these trade-offs for aggregate freight forecasting. A two-stage model is proposed that first decomposes aggregate annual zonal flows to firm group annual flows using a supply chain network model, which are then temporally assigned by simulating purchase order transactions throughout supply chains. Lot sizes are estimated with an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and calibrated with monthly inventory data. The result is an aggregate-disaggregate-aggregate model that fits into aggregate freight forecasting models but makes use of more disaggregate logistical data. The model is illustrated with a simple replicable example, followed by a case study conducted with California statewide data to break out the distributed zonal flows into average daily volumes for network assignment. Calibration results using 2007 IMPLAN data showed a median percentage difference of simulated annual flows from FAF3 data of 2.38%, and a median percentage difference of simulated inventories from IMPLAN data of 4.85%, which suggests an excellent fit. Empirical validation results showed the model outperforms fixed factor approaches in mean value accuracy by 15–31%. 相似文献