税收政策与高科技企业研发融资效率的关系分析

本文以税收政策对高科技企业研发融资效率的研究为切入点,对广东省具有研发机构企业的现行税收政策对高科技企业研发融资效率的作用和影响进行了分析,在此基础上提出了适合高科技型企业R&D融资的税收政策的建议。     

Issues in Assessing the Effect of Interindustry R&D Spillovers

This paper aims to clarify three issues concerning the weighting methodol ogy generally used to evaluate interindustry R&D spillovers. These issues concern the likely nature of the spillovers estimated through different types of supporting matrices; the similarity between input–output (IO), technology flows and technological proximity matrices; and the relevance of the assumption that a single matrix can be used for different countries. Data analyses of weighting components show that technology flows matrices are in an intermediate position between IO matrices and technological proximity matrices, but closer to the former. The various IO matrices, as well as the three technological proximity matrices, are very similar to each other. The panel data estimates of the effect of different types of interindustry R&D spillovers on industrial productivity growth in the G7 countries reject the hypotheses that a technology flows matrix can be approximated by an IO matrix and that a single IO matrix can be usedfor different countries. By transitivity, the procedure that comprises using a single technology flow for several countries is not reliable. The international comparison shows that each country benefits from different types of R&D externality. In Japan and, to a lesser extent, in the US, the rate of return to direct R&D is very high and is likely to compensate for relatively weak interindustry R&D spillover effects. In the five other industrialized countries, the reverse observation is true: strong social rates of return to R&D counterbal ance the poor performances of direct R&D.     

要素市场扭曲、区域差异与R&D投入

本文利用要素市场扭曲指数及中国高技术产业1997～2009年省际面板数据,考察了要素市场扭曲对R&D投入的影响及区域差异。结果表明,要素市场扭曲对R&D资本投入和R&D人力投入有着不同的影响,抑制了R&D资本投入增长,促进了R&D人力投入;而且其对两者的影响都存在着显著的区域差异。在此基础上,运用门槛检验方法对这种区域差异的影响因素进行了探讨,研究发现,在区域经济发展水平、人力资本水平、财政收入、产权结构和对外开放程度等因素的不同门槛值区间,要素市场扭曲对高技术产业R&D投入的影响程度和方向都存在着明显的差异。     

关于证券市场投资者风险偏好的实证研究

根据显现偏好理论,投资者的投资行为显现了其内在的风险偏好。在本文中,采用均衡分析方法,以中国证券市场中的指数序列为样本,综合期望收益、方差,自相关系数等统计量,准确反映证券组合的投资价值,揭示市场中投资者作为一个整体所具有的风险偏好和投资组合无差异曲线的形式。     

高技术产业研发效率研究——基于非合意产出SBM DEA模型

本文克服高技术产业研发过程非合意产出难以度量的问题,以未达标专利数量作为非合意产出,对各地区高技术产业的研发效率进行系统测度。研究发现：（1）随着创新要素的大量投入,中国高技术产业的总体研发效率水平却在逐年降低。造成这种现象的根本原因在于投入无效率与合意产出无效率,也即投入要素的大量增加并未有效推动创新产出的增加。（2）近年来中国东、中、西部地区高技术产业研发效率均呈现下降趋势,但东部地区技术落差比较高,其技术水平始终处于领先地位。（3）京津冀、长三角、珠三角等地区高技术产业研发效率呈现L型趋势。     

财税政策对企业自主创新的支持效应研究——基于经济区域的视角

基于经济区域视角,本文运用中国创业板和中小板上市公司2011—2015年的面板数据,实证检验以研发相关的政府补贴和所得税优惠为主的财税政策对企业研发强度的作用效果,并验证区域创新能力对财税政策与研发强度关系的调节作用。研究发现：（1）相比东部地区,中西部地区的政府补贴对研发强度促进效果更加显著;相比长三角和珠三角地区,京津冀地区的政府补贴对研发强度促进效果更加显著。（2）相比中西部地区,东部地区的税收优惠对研发强度促进效果更加显著;相比京津冀和长三角地区,珠三角地区的税收优惠对研发强度促进效果更加显著。（3）区域创新能力对政府补贴与企业研发强度的关系有反向调节作用,而对税收优惠与企业研发强度的关系的调节作用不明显。与以往从宏观角度研究区域创新能力不同,本文从会计的视角研究了区域创新能力对财税政策与企业研发强度关系的影响,是一个有益的尝试。     

Managerial Complexity in Process Industrial R&D Projects: A Swedish Study

Process industries often have features that differ from other businesses, such as round‐the‐clock production and costly and specialized production processes—features that have not been dealt with in the project management literature. We highlight and identify the complexity of R&D projects in the Swedish process industry and its interrelated process development and product development activities based on results from interviews and a case study. The different competence areas in which a project manager must integrate and manage R&D projects is illustrated. We conclude that a project manager needs both production and product‐related competence, including customers' processes.     

我国高技术服务业发展的思考——基于对江苏、厦门高技术服务业的实证研究

我国高技术服务业面临发展水平参差不齐的问题,文章通过对江苏省和厦门市发展高技术服务业特点的研究,总结出这些地区发展高技术服务业的经验及对其他地区的启示,旨在为我国高技术服务业的发展提供参考。     

董事会断裂带与研发持续性——基于研发支出粘性的实证研究

研发投资是企业的重大决策之一,董事会结构对研发决策过程和结果有重要影响。以2007—2019年A股上市公司为样本,采用研发支出粘性刻画研发持续性,从董事会断裂带这一结构特征探索影响企业研发持续性的组织因素。研究发现,董事会断裂带的存在降低了企业研发投入的持续性,即提高董事会团队的同质性有助于提升研发投入持续性。机制检验表明,董事会断裂带通过影响董事会的监督效能、目标决策导向与风险偏好三条路径影响研发持续性。异质性分析发现,董事会断裂带的深层特征会加剧其对研发持续性的抑制作用,而企业购买董事高管责任险能够缓解董事会断裂带对研发持续性的负向影响。区分研发支出变动类型后发现,董事会断裂带主要抑制“升多-降少”型研发支出粘性。研究结论为董事会结构的决策效应研究提供了新的证据,拓展了研发支出粘性影响因素的相关研究,也为我国企业加强董事会建设以提升研发连续性提供了理论指导与政策启示。     

投资模型选择问题研究

本文研究五类代表性的投资组合模型：方差,绝对偏差,LPM模型,极大极小模型,以及最大绝对偏差模型,讨论不同的风险度量模型是否真的会造成资产配置的效果不同。区别于传统的从风险与收益的角度进行比较,我们研究5个风险模型得到的最优策略结构,通过权重和重叠的资产数目来探讨不同模型间的相似程度。我们的实证结果发现,不同的风险度量模型会对投资组合的构成造成非常显著的影响。这些结果对投资者或者基金经理进行投资实践具有非常重要的意义,因为传统的看法普遍认为模型的选择取决于投资者对风险的态度而不是从模型本身的理论或者实践价值来选择模型。     

提高证券投资价值的方法探讨

本文应用马克维兹(Markowitz)均值一方差模型.分别从提高组合证券投资的收益率和降低组合证券投资的风险两个方间研究了提高组合证券投资价值的方法.     

R&D strategy and Australian manufacturing industry: an empirical investigation of emphasis and effectivness

This research investigates the degree of emphasis placed by the Australian manufacturing industry on Research and Development (R&D) strategy as well as on other organisational strategies such as marketing, HRs (HR), technology, and operations at the functional level. The research extends further to investigate whether the emphasis on R&D strategy differs with contextual factors such as firm size, firm’s generic strategy, type of market, firm’s life cycle stage, etc. A mail survey was carried out to collect information from manufacturing firms across Australia. This was followed by an on-site interview of some of the senior managers of manufacturing firms from three Australian states: South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales.The study found that although the emphasis on R&D strategy has received a high priority in the past few years, it has not been as effective as the operations strategy and the technology strategy. The operations strategy has been accorded the highest importance in the past few years and this will continue in the future. The study also indicated that firms, which adopt a differentiation generic strategy, put more emphasis on R&D than the firms, which adopt cost leadership and focus generic strategies. The results did not indicate any evidence of a relationship between firm size and the R&D strategy although large firms are found to put more emphasis on operations and marketing strategies. Relatively higher emphasis was placed on the R&D strategy by businesses: at the growth stage; involved in the manufacture of consumer goods as opposed to industrial goods; involved in exports with a higher sales growth in export markets; and having a higher growth rate relative to their industry.     

探究甲供材料在工程结算中的计取与返还

随着我国经济的不断增长,建筑行业有了很大的发展,一些业主为了保证工程材料的质量,他们会采用甲供材料模式。甲供材料模式不仅能够保证工程的质量,还能保证工程的进度,同时对建筑结构以及建筑性能有一定的影响。目前甲供材料占工程材料中很大一部分,因此一定要重视甲供材料在工程结算中的计取以及返还,从而有效地控制工程造价。本文对甲供材料进行了详细的介绍,并且对甲供材料在工程结算中的计取以及返还做了系统的研究。