以公平竞争审查制度促进全国统一大市场建设

建设全国统一大市场的要义是统一开放、竞争有序,然而我国由于经济转轨和追赶型增长模式带来了根深蒂固的行政垄断认知和行为,仍存在歧视性产业政策干预严重、市场分割、自然垄断规制乏力等问题,这成为我国建立全国统一大市场的最大阻碍。公平竞争审查制度作为规制行政垄断的最佳机制,有助于从根本上助力全国统一大市场建设。在推进公平竞争审查制度的过程中,要以增量入手,促进产业政策的功能化转型,同时对存量进行分类治理;完善审查机制,加强法律认定,推进区域经济一体化和制度整合;发挥负面清单制度与公平竞争审查制度的协同效应;加强反垄断与反不正当竞争执法力度,倡导普及公平竞争文化。     

国有企业经济运营中的政府事务策略研究

转型经济时期,国有企业的政府政策环境不断发生变化。面对激烈的市场竞争,国有企业要保证正常的经济运转和维护企业竞争优势,必须制定和实施相应的政府事务策略,充分挖掘自身的经济实力和政府资源,回避不利的政府政策因素。     

马克思经济危机理论对社会主义市场经济建设的启示

马克思主义传统理论认为,经济危机根源于资本主义基本矛盾,是资本主义特有的经济现象。事实上经济危机的爆发是市场经济的正常现象,在我国社会主义市场经济运行过程中,同样具备了经济危机发生的基本条件和要素。所以,必须从规范市场、平衡供求、调整产业结构、改革金融体制、控制两极分化等多方面把握好宏观调控,在市场经济条件下及时转变政府职能,从而避免经济危机发生。     

经济法与节约型社会建设

经济法体现了国家对经济的适度干预,同时经济法的实质公平与实质正义的价值切合节约型社会建设,有利于社会和谐。经济法保障节约型社会建设主要体现在:市场主体准入制度、竞争制度、产业政策、政府采购、税收补贴政策等多方面。以建设节约型社会为契机,我们应该丰富经济法的内容。目前,经济法的发展亟待以建立绿色调控权为中心。     

后金融危机时期产业政策的作用空间

次贷危机引发全球性经济危机后，产业政策对稳定经济的作用得到充分彰显。文章认为，在后金融危机时期，我国的产业政策应着重于建立公平竞争的市场环境，直接干预应坚持少而精的原则，产业政策应配合整个经济政策，以实现整体计划的目标；但产业政策不能解决产业发展的体制性障碍问题，产业政策的作用空间将主要取决于体制改革的进程。     

重庆农村经济发展调查——以綦江区隆盛镇振兴村为例

在当代的社会主义市场经济和建设社会主义新农村的大环境下,为了进一步发展农村经济本文以綦江区隆盛镇振兴村为探究对象,探究其在改革开放后的经济发展成就、存在问题和解决措施,从而为解决＂三农问题＂提供借鉴。     

Bureaucratic integration and regional specialization in China

Fiscal decentralization introduced as part of China's economic reform since 1979 has unleashed strong incentives for China's local governments to pursue economic development, but the same incentives have also led to local protectionist policies inhibiting the process of regional specialization. This paper focuses on the constraints or freedom with which local governments can implement their protectionist policies. Using a panel data of 29 China's regions over the time period of 1985–1997, we find that China's political system of bureaucratic integration (specifically, concurrent appointment of local government officials in the central government) imposes constraints on the local governments from practicing protectionism. We also find that the effectiveness of local protectionist policies is limited by market competition, specifically, competition from foreign-invested firms operating in China and foreign imports. Our results on the role of local protectionism remain robust to controls for the regional variations in the size of the economy and the stage of economic development.     

竞争性电力市场态势与走向:由四个新兴市场国家生发

竞争性电力市场既是完整的现代市场体系,又是一整套现代化的经济管制制度。电力市场化改革的目标是使得电力像一般商品一样在市场竞争中形成价格,电力系统的技术特性与商品交易的经济特性紧密结合,能够解释电价市场形成的深层次机理。低碳经济时代迫近,我国政府应按照选准市场模式、夯实市场体系、破除垄断利益、理顺竞争与监管关系的思路进一步推进电力市场化改革。     

The west and China: globalisation and competition in financial services

This paper examines the evolution of the industrial structure of global financial firms since the 1970s, during which time, free market policies dominated theoretical and practical policy discussion. It examines the logic behind and evidence on consolidation in the international financial services industry. It analyses the impact of Washington Consensus policies upon the expansion of global banks in developing and transition economies. It contrasts the evolution of the international banking structure during the era of modern globalisation with that in China, which has followed a fundamentally different path. Although Chinese banks have large profits and market capitalisation, their international competitiveness is still limited. Global banks have only a small role in the Chinese economy and Chinese banks have a small role in the international economy. The contrast between the two systems is of central importance for the way in which competition and regulation develops in the global financial sector.     

Economic policy and population change in Thailand

This paper argues that in Thailand a link can be demonstrated between the recent fertility decline and an economic policy variable, the rice premium. The rice export tax introduced a check to profitability in rice agriculture, leading capital and also entrepreneurial talent out of agriculture into the urban industrial sector; keeping the structure of agriculture small-scale peasant holdings; and permitting labour costs to remain low in the urban industrial sector. Other government policies plus foreign investment and US aid led to rapid industrial growth, which coupled with consolidation of the transportation and communication systems triggered massive rural to urban migration. As Bangkok became a modern industrial metropolis, complete with urban sprawl, traffic congestion, and smog, the micro-economic cost—benefit equation turned against large families for many urban couples. Fertility fell rapidly in the urban areas, and this decline has spread into the countryside. The rice export tax thus has had profound demographic as well as economic effects.     

以“同产业”平等推进全国统一大市场建设

同产业平等,既是现代市场竞争中企业之间公平竞争的基础,也可以用来作为推进全国统一大市场建设的工作抓手。可据此推进企业在市场竞争中的公平和公正,消除过去按企业类别尤其是按所有制性质进行产业政策管理的诸多弊端。作者认为,全国统一大市场建设要破除按照所有制、规模、隶属关系、地区等标准分类管理企业的传统做法,平等企业间的竞争环境和竞争条件。平等性既是市场规则统一性的基础,也是统一大市场建设的前提。根据现代产业组织运行及其竞争政策运作的原理,作者在从全局和战略高度上独辟蹊径地提出按"同产业"平等这个基本政策主张的基础上,详细地分析了按"同产业"平等的政策内容以及可能产生的积极效应,并从现阶段我国市场发展的实际出发,提出了推进全国统一大市场建设的若干具体建议。     

An empirical assessment of the relationship between competition policy and investment

The relationship between competition policy and investment is empirically examined. Empirical findings suggest that increasing market competition has a positive and robust impact on the share of total investment in GDP per capita. Developing countries enjoy benefits from competition legislation efficiency improvement, whereas the reduction of government anti-competitive price control intervention enhances the good investment environment in developed countries. In relation to the potential impacts of ASEAN competition policies, if ASEAN-4 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand) become as competitive as Singapore, the investment shares are expected to increase to approximately 2–4%. Further, foreign direct investment inflows from the 30 OECD countries are expected to increase roughly 0.6–1.2%.     

政府监管政策变革对出口消费品质量影响

驱动高质量发展为新时代我国重大发展战略。以2011-2017年广东12个行业出口消费品企业的面板数据为样本,利用简单线性回归和双重差分法评估政府监管政策变革对出口消费品质量（出口消费品合格水平、市场感知质量）等两个维度的影响,实证结果表明：政府监管政策变革显著提升出口消费品质量水平,对实验组样本产品合格水平的正向影响作用普遍好于对照组;同时,政府监管政策变革对出口消费品市场感知质量的影响与行业关联,能显著提高部分行业的市场感知质量,如：家电、照明设备、仿真饰品、信息技术设备、纺织品服装、家具等行业。鉴于此,政府质量监管应结合行业发展特点,创新监管模式,进一步推进"管检分离",大力发展第三方检验检测结果采信等,以形成健康可持续的出口消费品质量发展生态环境。     

政府转型模式与转型绩效：中国经验

改革开放以来，中国政府转型采取了一种滞后于经济转型的渐进转型模式，取得了巨大的成功。通过分析转型经济政府的角色与作用，解释中国政府滞后于经济转型的渐进转型模式，有效减少地方政府“被俘获”和“竞租”风险、联结不完全计划和不完全市场、推进制度创新，从而提升转型绩效。中国经验对转型经济具有借鉴意义。     

Labour policy in the plantation islands

This article studies the evolution of labour policy in the context of the political economy of plantation islands. In order to analyse the relationship between labour policy and various institutional factors (social, political and economic), the author discusses the development of the plantation system — its origins based on slavery and indentures, and subsequent changes resulting from problems of cultural pluralism, labour productivity, falling world market prices, and a general process of economic modernization. He concludes with a discussion of the changes in industrial relations and government labour policy which emerged after the Second World War as a result of the changed constitutional status of the islands as well as the population explosion.     

未来产业的演化机制与产业政策选择

新一轮科技革命和产业变革的蓬勃兴起,推动着前沿技术向成为经济增长新动能的未来产业转化。随着科技水平增强和产业向中高端攀升,我国也需要在未来产业提早进行谋划。未来产业是受前沿技术推动,以满足经济社会不断升级的需求为目标,代表科技和产业长期发展方向,未来对国民经济形成重要支撑和带动,当前尚处于孕育孵化阶段的新兴产业,与战略性新兴产业等概念既有联系又有区别。未来产业发展前景广阔,前后向带动和产业赋能能力强,因其产业化的长期性、锁定效应和网络效应而具有先发优势,且具有公共性与竞争性、确定性与不确定性、技术推动与市场拉动并存等特征。未来产业的战略性、正外部性要求政府高度重视并积极干预,发展大方向的可预测性是产业政策成功的前提;但其驱动技术的前沿性、产业化的长期性、发展的不确定性也要求产业政策转型,即从强调产业政策到重视竞争政策、从选择性支持到发展方向引导、从重视应用技术到强化基础研究、从技术产业化的支持到市场拉动、从依托特定企业到鼓励多元试错。培育和壮大我国未来产业,需要政府在战略引导、支持基础研究、创造早期市场、完善产业生态、利用全球资源等方面提供支持。     

加快提高自主创新能力的财政政策选择

加快提高自主创新能力、促进经济转型升级是目前我国经济发展面临的重大课题。提高自主创新能力固然要依靠市场力量的推动,但同时也需要政府的干预和调节。在政府多种调控方式中,财政政策对促进自主创新能力提高具有特殊功能和作用。为此,应探索各种有效路径进一步完善我国的财政政策,加快建立健全创新导向的财政政策体系。     

CEO experience and corporate financing decisions: Evidence from a natural experiment in China

Using the unique setting in China's economic transition and market reform, we investigate whether CEOs' experience regarding an economic boom affect corporate financing decisions. Economic booming, as a result of China's reform and open policy since 1978, affects individual risk preferences and decision behavior for those who grew up during the reform process. We find that Reform-and-Opening CEOs, who experience the reform and open-up era early in life, implement more aggressive capital structure policies and maintain higher leverage compared to Planned Economy CEOs. Furthermore, we determine that Reform-and-Opening CEOs tend to conduct debt issuance more frequently to cover financing needs as they can better deal with the liquidity risk of debt financing and confront the pressures arising from frequent monitoring by the debt markets. Using the stagewise regression, we find a cumulative effect of early growth experience. We also use the common trend test and placebo tests to deal with the concern that Reform-and-Opening CEOs pursue significantly more aggressive financial policies relevant to the systematic differences. Additional tests rule out the possibility that our results are driven by industry competition, state ownership, and educational ideology.     

我国农村民间金融的规范和发展

农村民间金融内生于经济发展过程之中，其作用是体制内金融部门所不能替代的。政府应为其发展提供一个与国有金融体系平等竞争的市场环境和政策环境。构建我国农村民间金融体系应以产权制度理论为指导，通过宏观调控和市场竞争机制，把捉村民间金融组织纳入统一的金融体系之中。     

以地谋发展模式的风险与改革

土地在中国上一轮经济发展中扮演了独特且举足轻重的角色。这一时期土地制度不仅是实现经济高增长的秘密之一,同时也为中国经济的可持续发展埋下了巨大隐患。权利二元、政府垄断、非市场配置和管经合一的土地管理体制,为地方政府经营土地财政创造了条件,但也带来了日益增加的经济与社会风险。未来中国要实现可持续发展,必须改革以地谋发展模式,包括推动以产权为基础的市场配置方式改革,完成土地财政转型,完善与现代社会相适应的财产税制度,建立公平、共享的增值收益分配制度,建立服务现代社会管理的统一登记制度等五个方面。