电力系统党建与精神文明建设问题探析

党建和精神文明建设是电力系统改革、稳定和发展重要的政治、组织保证,必须加强电力系统党建和精神文明建设,促进电力系统又快又好的发展。     

政绩压力与利益谋取 ——对农地征用中地方政府行为的理论分析

政府应该在经济发展中扮演怎样的角色是发展中国家普遍面临的问题。当前中国出现的农地征用中地方政府的积极介入行为为我们分析这个问题提供了具体的事实案例。在农地征用过程中,由于地方政府掌握着土地征用权,所以它们构成农业用地向城市用地（包括公共用地和商业用地）流转的唯一中介,从而积极地介入到土地流转的过程中。地方政府在农地征用中的权力运行有着内在的政治逻辑,这是与当前中国的政治经济体制所分不开的。地方政府积极主动介入农地征用的行为是当前压力型政治经济体制下应对自上而下的政绩压力的产物,也是地方政府谋取自身利益的必然结果。地方政府的这种行为在一定程度上为促进地方经济发展作出了贡献,但是也带来了一系列的社会问题。要促进中国经济的健康发展,就必须对这种体制进行及时主动的变革。     

供电公司综合能源服务业务发展模式分析

从综合能源的定义出发,对比分析国内外综合能源业务和相关政策,结合国家能源转型战略,提出地市供电企业开展综合能源服务的必要性。重点分析地市级供电企业在综合能源业务中所面临的机遇和挑战,研究地市供电公司开展综合能源业务拥有的优势。选取温州供电公司为具体研究对象,分别研究温州供电公司综合能源业务客户群体和综合能源业务内容,为其他地市级电网企业综合能源服务发展起到很好的启示和引导作用。     

Toward the diffusion of rural energy technologies: Some lessons from the Indian biogas program

India has committed substantial resources to construct several hundred thousand biogas plants. This program is reviewed within the context of the current status of biogas systems including technical, economic, manpower and training, and organizational issues. Experience with a dozen “village-scale” systems is analyzed in detail. Problems with the Indian biogas program show the importance of basing technology diffusion efforts on an intimate understanding of rural resource flows and the local political economy. The biogas experience illustrates a broader problem in development: an imbalance between “technology-focused” and “people-focused” development assistance. Some of the causes and implications of this imbalance are discussed and some suggestions are offered to help both developing countries and various donors increase the effectiveness of development efforts by stimulating the growth of local organizations.     

陕西省营商环境水平测度与区域差异分析

营商环境是一个地区吸引各类经济要素、提高综合竞争力的重要软实力。从营商环境的内涵出发,构建陕西省营商环境评价指标体系,基于组合赋权的TOPSIS法测算营商环境发展指数,并用Dagum基尼系数对区域差异进行分析。研究表明：陕西省营商环境处于不完善水平，优化市场环境是提升营商环境的主要因素；2015—2020年陕西省营商环境发展水平逐年提高,呈“中间高、两端低”的发展格局；营商环境发展水平存在严重的区域差异现象,其中,地区间差距贡献率最大。因此,要充分考虑陕西省营商环境发展的区域差异,因地制宜探索特色化的发展路径,促进地级市协调发展，提升陕西省各地级市的营商环境。     

Is There a Local Business Community? Explaining the non-participation of small business in local economic development

This article reports a study of the attitudes of small business owners to the localities in which their businesses are located and local economic development. The views of the owners contrasted strongly with those of representatives of local business bodies and economic agencies. The findings indicate small business owners tend to be detached from the locality and from local economic initiatives. This appears to be due to historical trends that have reduced the role of small business in local political and economic processes and the logic(s) of business practice within the sectors analysed. This has occurred despite trends soliciting more private sector involvement in local economic initiatives.     

A strategic development management orientation for local authorities 1

One of the direct consequences of political transformation in South Africa is an increasing emphasis on development. An important element of this is the often‐expressed wish that local authorities become more development orientated. For the purposes of this article, being ‘developed’ is defined as having the capacity and power to resist threats from the dynamic environment and to utilise its opportunities in a responsible and sustainable manner. Development is not a condition that can be bestowed on people by a local authority or any other development agent. But a local authority is part of the multidimensional environment, and a development‐orientated local authority contributes to the process of development by purposefully eliminating threats from this environment and providing access to opportunities in matters it is mandated to deal with. A development‐orientated local authority should therefore have a strategic (or mission‐driven) development management approach. This article proposes an arrangement to incorporate such an approach into the organisational structure.     

民营企业政治网络战略与社会责任信息披露——来自中国上市公司社会责任报告的经验证据

目前,有关企业社会责任信息披露的文献,对企业政治网络战略与社会责任信息披露行为的关系探讨很少。文章选取2009-2012年A股民营上市公司自愿披露的社会责任报告作为研究样本,实证分析民营企业政治网络战略对社会责任信息披露的影响。在控制了民营企业的组织因素及企业家个体人力资本控制变量后发现,政治关系网络、协会关系网络均对民营企业社会责任报告披露倾向和社会责任信息披露水平有显著的正向影响。文章一方面为理解转型经济情景下民营企业社会责任信息披露的动机提供了新的视角,另一方面为政府引导民营企业履行社会责任提供了启示。     

中国经济发展的新动力

改革开放以来,对外源型技术和要素投入的过度依赖在创造"中国奇迹"的同时,也造成了科技与经济的"两张皮"。在从制造经济向创新经济的转型过程中,以新知识创造及其商业化为导向的创新型创业活动及其组织和制度创新,是推动中国经济结构性变革及可持续发展新的动力来源和实现机制。对新的动力来源和实现机制的理论概括和总结,是制定和实施创新驱动发展战略的前提和基础。与经济发展的创新驱动相适应,组织变革的重心是从生产网络向创新网络的演化,制度变革的重心则是从优化投资环境向构建创新创业环境的转变。作为社会主义市场经济体制改革和发展的方向,要形成在科技创新资源的配置中市场起决定作用和政府增进市场的新机制和规则体系。     

湖北省集群式乡镇民营企业现状调查

文章以湖北省集群式乡镇民营企业的调查结果为依据,对其基本特征进行了分析,指出了湖北省集群式乡镇民营企业在企业规模、组织形式、政府服务、资金与人才等方面的问题所在。各级地方政府除了要为这些企业提供优良的公共产品和有力的制度保障外,还需要提高集群式乡镇民营企业基本要素的配置效率,保持可持续发展。     

Cooperating in time of crisis: war,commons, and inequality in Renaissance Lombardy

This article addresses the question of how exogenous shocks led to economic redistribution at a local rural community level in the pre‐industrial period, and how inequality can be limited (or not) by institutions and endogenous social structures within the community itself. This article presents a micro‐analytical study conducted mainly on unpublished sources, focusing on a boundary area (the Geradadda) disputed by Milan and Venice during the long period of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) in a broad European perspective. To understand the impact of wars, the management of local commons and communal assets is analysed in the more general context of the management of local finances. This research shows how local communities organized cooperative behaviours for the defence of local resources, developing innovative credit systems and encouraging a process of redistribution. Before other important factors—such as the distribution of wealth or of local political and social power—cooperation between social groups and the role played by elites were the keystones to limiting the increase in inequality.     

地方政府治理风险与上市公司总部迁移研究

使用2001-2012年上市公司和地方政府治理风险的数据,利用混合面板OLS和Logit回归方法,检验了地方政府治理风险对中国上市公司总部聚集以及总部迁移的影响。结果表明,上市公司总部的分布极不均衡,且趋向于从中西部和东北地区迁往东部沿海,尤其是北京和上海地区;地方政府治理风险显著减少了地方上市公司总部数量,对总部的外迁有显著促进作用,对地区总部迁移的总体状况有显著促进作用。同时考察了公司董事政治关联与地方政府治理风险共同作用对总部迁移的影响,在不考察两者交互作用时发现,其他地方政治关联董事数量、中央政治关联董事数量对总部的迁移有显著的促进作用,本地政治关联董事数量对总部的迁移有显著的抑制作用;在考察两者交互作用时,发现地方政府治理风险越大,其他地方政治关联董事数量越多,总部迁移的可能性越大,同时即使公司存在本地政治关联董事,地方政府治理风险对总部的迁移也会有显著促进作用。对回归的结果进行了检验,发现结果具有稳健性。研究对理解地方政府治理风险以及总部迁移现象有一定的启示作用。     

Three approaches to knowledge management in the course of transformation of a modern economy

The authors analyze the Western, resource-based, and Japanese approaches to knowledge management, based on the management of knowledge generation and utilization, and present an approach of their own, which they deem adequate to Russian conditions and which allows for the high degree of self-organization existing in research groups. The development of organizational knowledge management systems requires new forms of interaction between companies and business schools. This paper looks at various stages of this interaction, including individual training of owners, preparation of manager teams, corporate universities, consultancy, as well as their place in organizational knowledge management.     

专业服务企业涵义与组织特征：国外相关研究评述

在全球化和产业转型推动下,以提供专业性知识服务产品为主的专业服务企业呈现快速发展的趋势。西方的专业服务企业发展处于全球领先地位,并正在快速向全球市场拓展,学术界对专业服务企业的研究已经形成了一定程度的积累,有必要回顾国外对于专业服务企业涵义和特征的相关研究,从而梳理其研究的发展脉络,辨析其组织边界,从而为我国的专业服务企业研究提供学术方向上的借鉴。     

The role of Malawian local government in community development

The promotion of basic elements of good governance including community involvement through a decentralised local governance system has been at the centre stage since the advent of the multiparty democracy in Malawi in the 1990s. This article examines the role of Malawian local government in community development and analyses the context of community involvement in local governance. The article is primarily based on documentary research, which includes journal and newspaper articles, and interviews with senior district assembly officials and local people. The major conclusions drawn are that, firstly, the decentralisation process tends to feature the district assembly very highly, with little clarity on how community-based institutions are integrated into the local government system. Secondly, the political, socio-economic and administrative factors prevailing at the local level need to be addressed pragmatically for efficient and effective community participation in development.     

都市型核心商圈的生命周期研究

商圈的繁荣只是其在某一年龄阶段的特征.在对商圈理论进行较全面回顾的基础上,对选址、商业设施和建筑设施、业态组合、业种布局等都市型核心商圈发育成长的主要影响因素进行分析,并根据以上因素对商圈不同阶段的影响,将都市型核心商圈生命周期划分为发育期、成长期、扩张期、成熟期、衰退期,对各阶段特征和阶段演进的临界点进行分析,探索都市型核心商圈因素决定模型,思考都市型核心商圈培育、维护、推进的对策,提出发展都市型核心商圈的政策建议.     

Russian big business 2000–2005: Key trends in its transformation and development

A definition of big business as applied to contemporary Russia is given and its principal forms of subsistence and development phases are identified. The article focuses on the recent Fundamental Shift, or the transition from integrated business groups to companies, and its internal political and external economic causes and implications are revealed. Much attention is paid to the changing role of ownership relations, a new pattern of interaction with the state, and the dynamics of big business’s industry pattern. An appendix lists leading Russian companies and integrated business groups as of the end of 2005.     

浅谈新社会组织党建在社会管理创新中的作用

新社会组织是相对于政党、政府等传统组织形态之外的各类民间性的社会组织,社会管理则是对社会系统的组成部分、社会生活的不同领域以及社会发展的各个环节进行组织、协调、监督及控制的过程;当前新社会组织党的建设与党的活动开展得较有成效,也存在问题,因此需要采取相应的对策。     

Business Strategy,Financial Reporting Irregularities,and Audit Effort

This study examines whether clients' business strategies are a factor in determining the occurrence of financial reporting irregularities and the level of audit effort. We use the organizational strategy theory of Miles and Snow to develop a comprehensive measure of business strategy using publicly available data. We find that Miles and Snow's Prospector strategy is more likely to be involved in financial reporting irregularities and generally requires greater audit effort. The business strategy measure also appears to capture client business risk and provides incremental explanatory power beyond the individual measures of client complexity or risk used in traditional audit fee models. We contribute to the literature by constructing a replicable business strategy measure and identifying organizational business strategy as an important ex ante determinant of financial reporting irregularities and levels of audit effort. Our results suggest that investigating how audits can be improved to reduce financial reporting irregularities among Prospector clients is an important area for audit practice and future research.     

中国跨国企业如何适应新兴市场的不确定性?

在"VUCA"特征愈加凸显的新全球化时代下,企业赖以生存的海外市场环境和发展路径遭到破坏,能否更好地适应和应对海外市场的环境不确定性,成为企业生存与发展的关键。本文基于组织注意力视角,选取特变电工集团的3家海外子公司作为研究对象,通过多案例研究设计,探讨了中国跨国企业在新兴市场所面临的环境不确定性及其适应路径选择。研究发现:(1)中国跨国企业在新兴市场面临的环境不确定性来源于东道国宏观环境层面的制度因素以及组织竞争环境层面的任务因素,并且企业在不同新兴市场所面临的这两个维度的不确定性程度有差异,从而导致其面临的环境不确定性具有异质性特征;(2)在考虑嵌入环境不确定性的异质性特征的基础上,企业注意力焦点选择也有所不同,呈现出威胁倾向、机会倾向及两者并重这三种注意力配置倾向;(3)在环境不确定性的异质性与注意力配置倾向交互作用下,中国跨国企业采取嵌入型、能动型以及整合型适应策略来应对环境变化,并最终形成三种路径来实现企业在新兴市场的适应性。本文立足于新兴市场情境,解构了中国跨国企业在新兴市场所面临的环境不确定性的来源及具体表现,构建了中国企业在新兴市场实现适应性的路径选择模型,为中国企业更好地适应复杂多变的国际环境贡献新的见解和启示。