From Predation to Accumulation?: The Second Transition Decade in Russia

In this paper I argue that the insecure property rights and widespread predation that have characterized Russia during these past 12 or so years have depressed capital formation in all its dimensions, private, public, physical, human and environmental. The elimination of the conditions that gave rise to insecure property rights and predation is a necessary condition for the kind of sustained economic growth the Russian government anticipates in its new economic strategy, promulgated in June 2000.     

论"人力资本产权"分歧的化解及其与智力资本的关系

人力资本、智力资本理论，本质上是“虚拟资本”问题，是对这些过去被看作是费用或成本的东西进行“资本化定价”。我国经济学界“人力资本产权”问题的分歧，关键在于没有从虚拟资本这个角度来思考“人力资本”这类问题。特别是由于在研究企业产权理论时，没有引进另一类虚拟资本——“智力资本”的概念。     

论人力资本产权的配置功能

人力资本配置在一定程度上是人力资本产权在各经济主体之间的分配,人力资本产权制度内含了配置功能。人力资本产权制约着人力资本配置机制,也是人力资本市场形成和有效运行的前提。因此,人力资本产权制度决定了人力资本的配置形式和配置效率。     

Predation and accumulation

This article incorporates the economic theory of predation into the theory of economic growth. The analytical framework is a general-equilibrium model of the interaction between two dynasties: a potential predator and its prey. We find that the rate of accumulation of capital and the security of property are positively related only for generations of the prey dynasty that tolerate predation. Generations of the prey dynasty that choose to deter predation, even though their property is perfectly secure, accumulate productive capital more slowly than the preceding generations that tolerated predation.     

企业家人力资本产权的内涵、结构与功能

企业家是经济生活中最为稀缺的人力资本资源。企业家人力资本既不同于非人力资本资源,也不同于一般的人力资本资源,在经济增长和社会进步的过程中扮演着不可替代的角色,发挥着举足轻重的作用。借助于西方人力资本理论和产权经济学理论,较为系统地分析了企业家人力资本产权的内涵、结构与功能,得出关于企业家人力资本产权的3个重要结论。     

公务员人力资本产权激励理论渊源探析

人力资本产权激励功能源于产权所带来的收益,而产权收益的实现是产权主体拥有产权权利的根本目的.从理论渊源来看,关于公务员人力资本产权激励的研究大体可分为两种视角:即制度主义研究视角与管理主义研究视角.制度主义研究视角强调制度建设对于产权主体的重要意义,主张通过制度设计来确保公务员人力资本所有者获取到合理的产权收益.而管理主义视角则认为,公务员人力资本产权收益的实现是以人力资本所有者的需求满足为基础,不同的产权收益方式和内容带给公务员个体的满足程度不一,从而可以形成不同的产权激励效果,因而,其所关注的重点不再是产权制度的设计,而是产权收益的表现形式.两种视角共同构成了公务员人力资本产权激励的实现途径.     

论人力资本与智力资本的"虚拟资本"性质

本文认为人力资本、智力资本理论的产生,本质上是提出了"虚拟资本"问题,是对这些过去被看作是费用或成本的东西进行"资本化定价".在当代企业的资本范畴中实际上已经形成了以实体资本为一方的"硬资本"和以虚拟资本为另一方的"软资本"两大部份,而这两大部份是建立在"资本三要素"--物质资本、人力资本、智力资本基础上的.由"资本三要素"的基础概念,我们可以推解出一系列新的资本概念和形态,从中我们可以较清晰地辨别虚拟资本与实体资本的构架与层次,并可直观地厘清它们的边界与关系,这有利于我们更好地理解人力资本与智力资本的特性和功能.     

Why does the investment rate not increase? Capital accumulation and stabilization policy in the 1990s and 2000s in Brazil

The stabilization of inflation was conquered in the mid-1990s, but since then the Brazilian economy has not shown a stable growth trend. This article discusses how the maintenance of a high interest rate in Brazil has affected growth through its impact on investment decision. In a macroeconomic environment with a relatively high degree of uncertainty, decisions to accumulate capital rely heavily on retained earnings and are negatively affected by the persistent high level of interest rates. Our econometric exercise reveals that the interest rate is the most important variable to explain the investment rate, and that financialization negatively impacts physical capital accumulation.     

论行政机关国有资产管理

行政性国有资产在没有统一明确的监管机构和制度制约的情况下,管理混乱,漏洞很大,如账外资产大量存在、国有资产产权混乱、管理方式落后等。为此,制定国有资产管理原则是非常重要的,因为借助它我们才能为行政机关国有资产管理制定正确的目标。     

经济增长模型中的公共资本*

关于公共资本与经济增长关系的理论研究在近二十年来取得了长足进步。本文提供了一个一般性分析框架,将公共资本与经济增长领域的众多研究成果统一在该框架中进行了系统梳理,从而清晰呈现了其理论发展脉络。首先,本文在基本模型中探究了该领域内学者普遍关心的核心问题,这些问题包括增长率最大化与社会福利最大化公共投资规则以及最优与均衡转移路径等。然后,通过逐个放宽基本模型的假设,本文考察了主要结论在扩展模型中是否依然成立。具体而言,本文分别在公共资本具有拥挤性而非纯公共产品性质,公共资本折旧率内生决定而非外生给定,公共投资同时以流量与存量形式而非仅以存量形式影响私人生产以及存在多级政府而非仅一级政府的假设下,对模型结论进行了检验。本文探讨了这些更反映现实的假定对结论产生的不同影响,并进而指出该领域所面临的挑战与未来可能的发展方向。     

Population and economic growth with human and physical capital investments

We present a two-sector endogenous growth model with human and physical capital accumulation to analyze the long-run relationship between population growth and real per capita income growth. Formal education and investment in physical capital are assumed to be two separate components of human capital production. Along the balanced growth path equilibrium, population change may have a positive, negative, or else neutral effect on economic growth depending on whether physical and human capital are complementary/substitutes for each other in the formation of new human capital and on their degree of complementarity.

城镇化:经济可持续增长的新引擎——基于人力资本积累的角度

结合中国城镇化的特点,对贝克尔的人力资本模型和罗默的内生增长模型进行了调整,并以此为基础分析了城镇化通过人力资本积累影响经济增长的机制和作用效果. 研究发现,城镇化将从成本和收益两个方面影响人力资本投资决策,带来平均受教育年限的增加和人力资本专业化程度的提高,增加人力资本积累,并最终促进经济的可持续增长. 在此基础上,利用2005~2012年全国31个省份的面板数据对城镇化、人力资本积累与经济增长之间的关系进行了实证分析. 结果显示,通过人力资本积累这一途径,城镇化水平提高可以极大地促进经济增长.     

FDI, domestic capital and economic growth: Evidence from panel data at China’s provincial level

Based on panel data at the provincial level in China, this paper found that direct effects foreign direct investment (FDI) had on economic growth were of insignificance. However, through improving technical efficiency and “crowding” in domestic investment, FDI produced positive effects on China’s economy. The state sector still played a major part in the total fixed investment, therefore, direct effects on growth were significant. Although private sector was increasingly important for the whole economy, it had no direct influences on economic growth. Meanwhile, neither the state sector nor private sector made contribution to the improvement on technical efficiency. __________ Translated from Shijie Jingji Wenhui 世界经济文汇 (World Economic Papers), 2006, (4): 27–43     

新常态下的人力资本与经济增长——综合金融资本和创新创业的理论建模

在国内外形势的双重影响下,中国经济步入了\"新常态\"的阶段,放缓的经济增长步伐带来新的矛盾和挑战,经济增长模式从以往的粗放型逐渐向集约型转变,但以往的经济理论在经济新阶段都具有一定的局限性.本文使用主流宏观经济学前沿的建模方法将现有的四大经济增长理论囊括在一个综合模型中,把人力资本投资、金融资本投资、实物资本投资、创新创业活动、纳什博弈机制有机地结合在统一的分析框架下,对经济增长理论文献做出重要的概括和拓展.通过校准赋值和数值模拟,得出理论模型的基本结论:人力资本积累虽然可以通过创新和创业促进经济增长,但是其效果仍是递减的,呈现出新古典增长模型的属性.     

Optimal fiscal policy in an endogenous growth model with public capital: a note

This note presents an investigation of the optimal tax rule in endogenous growth models with public capital. It is presumed that the government levies only an income tax in addition to financing public investment. Furthermore, a household’s saving is deducted from the income tax. We find the optimal tax rule whereby the social optimum is attainable. The manner by which a government imposes a tax on income and administers tax deductions is important for attaining a socially optimal situation.      

企业家人力资本外部性及其内在化路径研究

具有创新型生产力形态的企业家人力资本,在社会实践中的运用呈现出较强的正向外部性,这源于企业家人力资本的私人收益率与社会收益率的极大不一致。由于外部性的存在,阻碍了企业家创新精神的发挥及企业家人力资本的生成和供给．故完整界定企业家人力资本产权是克服外部性的有效手段．企业家人力资本的股权化是其外部性内在化的具体路径选择。     

产权视角下城市社区居委会发展路径研究

我国城市格局逐渐由以单位为基本元素的体制向以社区为基本元素的体制变革,居委会是社区各项事务的管理与服务组织者,产权关系界定不清使居委会成为政府、民众乃至市场竞相逐利的“公共领域”,是导致社区工作效率低下的根本原因。为了明晰居委会的产权界定,实现社区资源的优化配置,市场化道路或者行政化道路应当是两条理想的改革路径。