德州市农田灌溉对地下水的影响

地下水是中国华北地区水资源的重要组成部分,决定该区域农业灌溉用水的关键。在过去的50年,有效灌溉面积不断扩大,提高了谷物的产量。山东省德州市作为我国重要的粮食主产区,农业人口多,农业经济比重大。农业用水主要依靠于黄河水的引黄灌溉,不仅当地河流受到了污染,甚至威胁到了地下水。根据研究表明,调水能够改善当地地下水,然而灌溉受污染的河水和过度开采地下水会导致浅层地下水污染和地下水水位下降。为了优化农业产量高的地区地下水管理模式,水资源的建设应该受到更多的关注。     

德州市农田灌溉对地下水的影响

地下水是中国华北地区水资源的重要组成部分,决定该区域农业灌溉用水的关键。在过去的50年,有效灌溉面积不断扩大,提高了谷物的产量。山东省德州市作为我国重要的粮食主产区,农业人口多,农业经济比重大。农业用水主要依靠于黄河水的引黄灌溉,不仅当地河流受到了污染,甚至威胁到了地下水。根据研究表明,调水能够改善当地地下水,然而灌溉受污染的河水和过度开采地下水会导致浅层地下水污染和地下水水位下降。为了优化农业产量高的地区地下水管理模式,水资源的建设应该受到更多的关注。     

西北干旱区节水灌溉方式研究

我国水资源分布与经济社会发展总体布局不相匹配,尤其西北地区水资源短缺的现状严重制约着当地经济社会发展,水已成为我国21世纪生存和发展的重要依托。有水则有绿洲良田,有水则有经济的可持续发展。论文主要分析了我国水资源现状,并在此基础上进一步讨论了西北干旱区农业用水特征,鉴于西部大开发战略的继续实施,城市生活和工业用水比例必然提高;自然环境的恢复和建设,林草等业的生态用水也须有一定的保障,未来农业用水总量必然受到挤占,为了应对农业用水短缺,可以采取收集雨水资源加以利用和高效节水灌溉方法,文中重点介绍了雨水收集和西北干旱区节水灌溉方法,以期为西北干旱区农业高效发展提供实际指导意义。     

浅谈景电灌区农田节水灌溉的措施

水是人类及一切生物赖以生存的必不可少的重要物质,同时也是工农业生产、经济发展和环境改善不可替代的极为宝贵的自然资源。而水资源的浪费现象又很严重,主要在农业用水和人们的生活用水上。提高农业灌溉用水的质量和节约生活用水对水资源的短缺可起到很大的缓解作用。提高农业灌溉用水的质量就要节水灌溉。     

对农业综合开发促进节水高效农业发展的调研与思考

一、农业综合开发节水基本情况吐鲁番地区,水资源极度匮乏,且时空地域分布不均,春旱,夏洪,秋缺水现象十分突出,形成了典型的绿洲灌溉农业。长期以来,吐鲁番地区由于农田水利基本建设滞后、水利工程设施老化失修、用水管理粗放、农业用水价格偏低、农业节水意识不强,地下水超采严重。近十年间全地区地下水位下降了5—25米,年均下降1米,特别是鄯善县地下水位十年问下降了25米,给当地农业生产带来了严重影响,同时也直接威胁到了农业的可持续发展。     

PDCA循环管理在农业水价改革中的应用研究

水资源不足是影响我国当前经济可持续良性发展的主要原因之一,我国人均水资源量占有率不足世界人均数的25%,其中农业灌溉用水总量占总用水的60%以上,因此实现农业用水的节约对缓解水资源短缺和经济可持续良性发展意义重大。农业水价改革是推动农业节水灌溉的重要因素之一,本文通过在农业水价改革中应用PDCA管理循环理论,对农业水价改革中的用水总量定额和阶梯式水价模式进行检查、改进和优化,以期为农业水价改革方案和方法的制定提供参考依据。     

V内锥形流量计在野外水资源计量上的优点

能源(包括水资源)是经济社会可持续发展的重要物质基础,计量器具是能源和资源监控与计量工作的物质基础.对灌溉用地下水资源计量,可以合理地分配灌溉用水.进行合理的收费,会更有效的提高灌溉效率和制约、杜绝浪费.几种可用于地下水资源计量用的流量计,对其要求及特点进行分析和比较,着重叙述了V内锥形流量计对地下水资源计量的诸多优点.     

节水灌溉在农田水利中的应用

我们国家的水资源分布极为不均匀,尤其是工业用水抢占了大量的农业用水,使得农业用水严重不足。为此,必须充分利用有限的水资源,实现农业的良好的发展。文章将重点论述节水灌溉在农田水利中的应用。     

浅析地下水资源的管理和保护

水资源作为自然界生物和人类得以生存和繁衍的重要物质基础,是社会经济发展中不可缺少的重要的自然资源。地下水作为水资源的重要组成部分,是水资源得以持续的重要基础。我国地下水资源较为丰富,而且分布较为广泛,通过对地下水资源的开发利用,有效的保证了我国的供水能力。但在当前地下水资源开发利用过程中,存在着超量开采的情况,而且地下水资源由于受到社会快速发展的影响,水质受污染较为严重,使地下水资源的安全受到较大的威胁,所以加强对地下水资源的有效管理和保护具有十分重要的意义。     

农村合作组织与公共水资源供给——异质性视角下的社群集体行动问题

农村灌溉用水治理事关中国农业发展,是保障农业生产和农民切身利益的重要问题.以异质性作为分析视角,本文通过理论模型考察了农村合作组织(农民用水户协会)与公共水资源供给之间的关系.得到的主要结论是:公共水资源的自愿合作供给是一种新型的社群参与式治理制度安排,有助于促成农户们的集体行动;要实现农村灌溉用水的有效供给,一方面需要充分发挥民间资本拥有者的占优优势,另一方面则需要农户之间财富禀赋的共同增进.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.