Disaster relief routing: Integrating research and practice

Disaster relief presents many unique logistics challenges, with problems including damaged transportation infrastructure, limited communication, and coordination of multiple agents. Central to disaster relief logistics is the distribution of life-saving commodities to beneficiaries. Operations research models have potential to help relief agencies save lives and money, maintain standards of humanitarianism and fairness and maximize the use of limited resources amid post-disaster chaos. Through interviews with aid organizations, reviews of their publications, and a literature review of operations research models in transportation of relief goods, this paper provides an analysis of the use of such models from the perspective of both practitioners and academics. With the complexity of disaster relief distribution and the relatively small number of journal articles written on it, this is an area with potential for helping relief organizations and for tremendous growth in operations research.     

基于反馈控制原理的应急物资分配动态决策过程分析

随着灾害应急物流系统快速响应机制的建立,应急物资分配在降低自然灾害的影响方面体现出重要作用。应急物资需求具有突发性和动态性等特征,资源的分配是一个动态的过程。基于此借鉴反馈控制原理构建应急物资分配决策模型,对灾害应急物流中的应急物资分配动态决策过程进行分析。     

应急物流服务网点选址模型研究

应急物流是应对突发事件的重要保障。应急物流可以降低灾害影响程度,缩短受害持续时间,使突发性事件造成损失最小化。而在进行应急物流决策时,首先会面临应急物流服务网点的选址问题。应急物流服务网点置于合理的位置,不仅可以降低成本,而且还能够保证提供应急物资的时效性,从而避免可能导致的更大损失。在给定限制条件下应急服务网点选址模型基础上,综合考虑应急需求的随机性和由灾害导致应急配送时间模糊的不确定情况,研究新的模糊和随机混合机会约束规划选址模型。     

物流配送问题的研究文献统计与综述

针对2000-2008年关于物流配送问题的研究文献进行梳理和分析,按研究内容分为物流配送中心选址、系统内部作业与管理、专业市场物流配送模式、配送中心布局与建设、基于电子商务的物流配送、物流配送路径优化和物流配送车辆调度等七类,按研究方法分为运筹学方法、仿真技术、评价方法、单一遗传算法、遗传算法与其它方法结合、其它启发式算法、其它定量方法、现状分析与对策建议等八类,根据各类的研究统计,提出进一步研究的方向。     

应急物流设施选址考虑因素研究

提出灾害应急物流设施选址问题应当考虑的人口、灾害、交通、时间、容量及成本因素,探讨了其出现原因,并对上述因素进行分析得出量化手段,为应用到数学模型中提供了参考。     

基于改进蚁群算法的应急物流中心选址问题研究

针对灾情等级不确定情况下应急物流的特点,本文利用不确定理论的相关方法,就应急物流中转站选址问题进行了相关分析和研究,构建了适应于应急物流特性的中心选址模型。最后进行仿真实例,利用改进蚁群算法求解模型,并得出相关结论。     

Analysis and forecast of donations at domestic hunger relief organizations impacted by natural disasters

Food banks are non-profit, charitable organizations that distribute food and products to people in need. Food bank facilities become disaster relief centers after natural disasters. The uncertainty associated with the arrival of donations and demand make the planning and operations of food banks challenging during the disaster relief period. The goal of this research is to analyse and forecast the amount of donations received by food bank facilities in the U.S. when operating as disaster relief centers. This paper analyses the donations received by two food bank facilities affected by Hurricane Harvey in 2017. An extensive numerical study is performed that compares the donation behavior at each facility before and after the hurricane event. Multiple forecasting models are evaluated to determine their accuracy in predicting the observed behavior. The results show that under disaster operations, the best performing techniques for both food banks were smoothing techniques (i.e., CMA and Holt) and econometric models.     

论自然灾害应急物流管理体系的构建

中国是世界上受自然灾害影响非常严重的国家之一,应急物流是救灾应急管理中必不可少的内容和环节.自然灾害应急物流管理体系,是为了实现在突发自然灾害环境下对应急物资、人员、信息和财产等进行有效组织和保障而建立的综合管理体系.文章根据我国目前突发自然灾害应急物流的实际情况,以自然灾害应急物流管理体系为研究对象,对自然灾害背景下应急物流管理体系的构建进行了研究,同时还提出了促进应急物流管理体系建设的一些建议.     

大城市地震灾害应急物流体系建设研究的必要性

从已有的关于地震灾害应急物流体系建设的研究情况指出大城市的应急物流体系建设还有研究的空间,以重庆为例来阐述地震灾害应急物流体系建设的必要性。     

Pre-positioning hurricane supplies in a commercial supply chain

Inventory control for retailers situated in the projected path of an observed hurricane or tropical storm can be challenging due to the inherent uncertainties associated with storm forecasts and demand requirements. In many cases, retailers react to pre- and post-storm demand surge by ordering emergency supplies from manufacturers posthumously. This wait-and-see approach often leads to stockout of the critical supplies and equipment used to support post-storm disaster relief operations, which compromises the performance of emergency response efforts and proliferates lost sales in the commercial supply chain. This paper proposes a proactive approach to managing disaster relief inventories from the perspective of a single manufacturing facility, where emergency supplies are pre-positioned throughout a network of geographically dispersed retailers in anticipation of an observed storm's landfall. Once the requirements of a specific disaster scenario are observed, supplies are then transshipped among retailers, with possible direct shipments from the manufacturer, to satisfy any unfulfilled demands. The manufacturer's pre-positioning problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming model which is illustrated via a case study comprised of real-world hurricane scenarios. Our findings indicate that the expected performance of the proposed pre-positioning strategy over a variety of hurricane scenarios is more effective than the wait-and-see approach; currently used in practice.     

国内应急物流研究综述及前沿演进概述——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

基于中国知网数据库,对我国2000-2021年以应急物流为研究对象的论文进行筛选,运用CiteSpace可视化软件,从发文量、作者分布图谱、关键词聚类、前沿演进趋势等方面进行可视化分析,从而对应急物流已有成果进行梳理,探析国内应急物流研究现状及前沿演进。研究结果表明我国应急物流研究大致经历了三个阶段:发展初期、增长期、回落期,且该领域研究重心集中于应急物资的配送优化及选址。     

突发灾害中应急物流的组织构建

我国幅员辽阔,地质、地貌结构复杂,灾害种类繁多。台风、暴雨、滑坡、泥石流、沙尘暴和生物灾害等突发灾害事件影响着经济、环境和社会可持续发展。把灾害损失降到最低是人类的共同目标。文章研究突发灾害中应急物流的组织构建及符合国情的应急物流组织系统,探讨如何以快捷、优化的途径和方式将各类救援物资送达灾区,使其在灾后黄金救援时段发挥最好的救援救助功能,避免国家财产和人民生命遭受更大损失。     

西安世园会餐饮服务设施配置方案浅析

规划餐饮服务设施点是为了在世园会期间,解决游客高峰期就餐难的问题。首先根据世园会各大景点的布局,运用线性目标函数法,对餐饮服务设施点的位置进行分析研究。然后分析了人流量的分布和游客的购买概率,对服务设施点分布位置进行优化。同时,运用绿色物流配送流程保证服务质量和效率,以满足游客的需求。最后,阐述了在达到餐饮服务要求的基础上,服务设施点进行扩大化利用。     

A credibility-based multi-objective temporary logistics hub location-allocation model for relief supply and distribution under uncertainty

Disaster response operations revolve around uncertainties. While uncertainties arising due to randomness can be avoided for post-disaster location problem, those arising because of impreciseness may persist long after the disaster's occurrence. Despite the uncertainties and lack of sufficient information about the extent of the damage, disaster response facilities must be established quickly after the occurrence of the disaster. Moreover, the decisions of whether to open, where to locate, and when to open disaster response facilities are based on the amount and quality of information available during the decision-making period. To address these issues, we develop a multi-objective location-allocation model for relief supply and distribution that accounts for the imprecise and time-varying nature of different parameters and time-varying coverage, while also accommodating the subjective attributes necessary to enable establishment and operation of the temporary logistics hubs (TLHs). A credibility-based fuzzy chance-constrained programming model is employed to account for the impreciseness inherent in predicting parameter values during disaster response. The results show where, when, and how many TLHs to open and how to allocate relief supplies. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis provides a broader understanding of the impact of limiting the number of TLHs as well as the confidence level and the spread of the symmetric triangular fuzzy numbers on the attainment of the model objectives.     

应急物流中物资调运研究综述

在灾害的救助过程中,合理地调运应急物资,对有效减轻灾害程度,减少灾害影响范围,缩短受害持续时间有着特殊的意义。文章通过对应急物流中物资调运的相关文献进行分析总结。指出相关研究中所存在的问题,并就进一步研究提出展望。     

Modeling integrated supply chain logistics in real-time large-scale disaster relief operations

The goal of this research is to develop a comprehensive model that describes the integrated logistics operations in response to natural disasters. We propose a mathematical model that controls the flow of several relief commodities from the sources through the supply chain and until they are delivered to the hands of recipients. The structure of the network is in compliance with FEMA's complex logistics structure. The proposed model not only considers details such as vehicle routing and pick up or delivery schedules; but also considers finding the optimal locations for several layers of temporary facilities as well as considering several capacity constraints for each facility and the transportation system. Such an integrated model provides the opportunity for a centralized operation plan that can eliminate delays and assign the limited resources to the best possible use.A set of numerical experiments is designed to test the proposed formulation and evaluate the properties of the optimization problem. The numerical analysis shows the capabilities of the model to handle the large-scale relief operations with adequate details. However, the problem size and difficulty grows rapidly by extending the length of the operations or when the equity among recipients is considered. In these cases, it is suggested to find fast solution algorithms and heuristic methods in future research.     

A model for planning locations of temporary distribution facilities for emergency response

We propose a network flow model for dynamic selection of temporary distribution facilities and allocation of resources for emergency response planning. The model analyzes the transfer of excess resources between temporary facilities operating in different time periods in order to reduce deprivation. Numerical analysis shows that the location of temporary facilities is determined by the demand and supply points. This work contributes to the emergency response planning that requires a quick response for the supply of relief materials immediately after a disaster hits a particular area.     

基于层次分析法的应急物资储备点选址研究——以浙江省为例

近年来频发的自然灾害对我国的经济发展带来了极大阻力。应急物流是应对突发事件的重要保障,我国应急物流的机制建设还不够完善,抗灾体系多方面需要改进。使用合适的方法选择合适的位置建设仓储点,对应急物流活动的运作有着重要的意义。文章通过构建层次结构模型,结合实际情况建立选址模型,进行模拟选址。并以浙江省为例,收集浙江省69个县市数据进行实例分析研究,得出一个满足需求的可行方案。     

配送中心选址问题研究文献综述

通过研究、分析、归纳和总结国内外配遥中心选址问题研究文献,提出新的分类法。即单独研究配送中·心选址问题类和结合物流管理的库存战略、运输战略、顾客服务目标等其它战略研究配送中心选址问题类。根据列举、剖析两类文献中的典型文献和分析物流配送业的新趋势、新发展,提出配这中心选址问题研究的新方向——基于顾客满意度的多目标配送中心选址问题。     

自然灾害应急物流管理体系的构建研究

自然灾害应急物流管理体系是为了在发生突发自然灾害的情况下,有组织地进行物资人员等的投入调配的一个综合体系。文中阐述了构建自然灾害应急物流管理体系的必要性,分析了自然灾害应急物流管理体系构建过程中存在的问题,提出了构建完善的自然灾害应急物流管理体系的具体措施。