Analysing diffusion pattern of mobile application services in Korea using the competitive Bass model and Herfindahl index

Mobile service has been totally revolutionizing the service industry with the explosive growth in mobile application (‘app’) services. With the rapid proliferation of mobile app service, there is still a constant need for the research focusing on the precise and scientific prediction of the diffusion of mobile app service with consideration of competitive relationships. However, most of the relevant research dealing with diffusion did not consider the competition effect among mobile app services. In addition, in mobile app services, big competitors, which have a larger marketing share in same category, can interrupt the diffusion of other mobile app services significantly. Thus, the level of competitiveness also should be considered for more precise prediction of mobile app service. Accordingly, the present study proposes a new approach to analyse the degree of competitiveness of mobile app service categories using Herfindahl–Hirschman index and classify mobile app service categories. Then, this study systematically analyses their respective diffusion patterns based on the given empirical data using competitive Bass model. A case of Korean mobile service industry is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.     

A substitution orbit model of competitive innovations

Successful innovation and diffusion of technology can be attributed to the identification of the orbit of emerging new technologies that complement or substitute for existing technologies. This dynamism resembles the co-evolution process in an ecosystem. In an ecosystem, in order to maintain sustainable development, the complex interplay between competition and cooperation, typically observed in predator-prey systems, create a sophisticated balance. Given that an ecosystem can be used as a masterpiece system, this sophisticated balance can provide suggestive ideas for identifying an optimal orbit of competitive innovations with complement or substitution dynamism.Prompted by such a sophisticated balance in an ecosystem, this paper analyzes the optimal orbit of competitive innovations and, on the basis of an application of Lotka-Volterra equations, it reviews substitution orbits of Japan's monochrome to color TV system, fixed telephones to cellular telephones, cellular telephones to mobile Internet access service, and analog to digital TV broadcasting. On the basis of substitution orbits analyses, it attempts to extract suggestions supportive to identifying an optimal policy option in a complex orbit leading to expected orbit.Key findings include policy options that are effective in controlling parameters for Lotka-Volterra equations leading to expected orbit.     

获取动态比较优势的湖南花炮产业发展策略

动态比较优势理论是随着1950年代企业竞争趋向于产品与服务的差异化等新特点而产生的。在技术内生的情况下,静态比较优势并不是永恒,而是随着时间的推移而逐步演进的,需要通过创新,加强政府监管和规划等措施来促进静态比较优势的初始模式发生转化,从而获得持久的动态比较优势。这对分析湖南花炮行业发展现状,通过利用既有产业优势、规划花炮产业长远发展、获取持久的动态竞争优势具有重要意义。     

A characterization of perfectly competitive economies with production

This paper answers the question, what do you need for perfect competition with production? The answer given is that you need to realize an allocation in which no individual contributes a surplus to anyone else. This essentially amounts to giving each individual his “marginal product.” In the model of perfect competition, profits are competitively determined rents: they reflect the marginal product of entrepreneurs. And the competitive theory of value derives from the competitive theory of distribution.     

Evaluating the long-run impacts of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on US domestic airline travel

As a result of the Public Utilitie Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA), state public utility commissions have begun to implement cost-based rate-setting procedures in order to rationalize energy choices made by utilities and utility customers. This rationalization had been necessary in view of the increased competition characterizing the eletric utility industry. Taking these regulatory and competitive change as a point of departure we develop and implement an electricity rate-setting model which is cost based, which explicitly accounts for static and dynamic competitive pressures, and which is welfare maximizing. The model extends standard Ramsey methods to include bothshort-run andlong-run price responses in the inverse elasticity rule. We use the estimated model to evalute and design alternative rates. Our analysis takes a distincly strategic approach, explicitly addressing competition from other fuels and the possibility of competitive bypass.     

基于生态位分化理论的中小企业发展战略分析

借助生态位理论重新审视中小企业的发展战略和竞争行为,指出中小企业应主动与大企业的生态位分化,并且提出基于生态位分化的小生位战略以及牢固占据小生位的深度适应战略,为中小企业在激烈的市场竞争中生存与发展提供了新思维和新方法。     

同质化竞争下集群企业旧标准锁定与新标准采纳研究

从企业标准到产业集群标准是实现技术标准推广和扩散的关键一步,集群企业间同质化竞争对集群企业的新技术标准采纳有何影响十分值得研究。在考虑旧技术标准网络外部性、新技术标准优越性、新标准许可费、集群企业兼容策略的基础上,分析了产业集群内同质化竞争对企业采纳新技术标准意愿的影响。通过数理模型和实证分析发现：在不同情景下,集群企业间的同质化竞争对新技术标准采纳存在截然相反的影响,但总体来说集群企业间的同质化竞争降低了新技术标准采纳意愿;除此之外,集群企业间竞争还作为调节变量,调节了旧技术标准网络外部性、新技术标准优越性、新技术标准许可费与新技术标准采纳意愿之间的关系。     

Diffusion with variable production lead times

When there is not one obvious candidate technology, entrants to a new industry face a non-trivial choice between longer lead times in the setting up of production and a better chance that the technology could successfully deliver. This paper shows how this tradeoff may yield gradual diffusion. Diffusion is more protracted in industries where learning opportunities are more bountiful. The equilibrium minimizes the long-run equilibrium price, just as in the standard Marshallian model of a competitive industry. The market structure does not seem to affect the rate of diffusion with the monopoly choosing the same rate of diffusion that prevails in competition despite restricting output.      

Did the global financial crisis alter the competitive conditions in the Indian banking industry?

This article addresses a pertinent research question: Did the global financial crisis alter the competitive conditions in the Indian banking industry? In order to find the answer of this research question, we applied a dynamic version of the non-structural Panzar-Rosse model on a unique unbalanced panel dataset of Indian banks spanning over the period from 1998/99 to 2015/16. The robust estimates of H-statistic computed on the basis of the generalized method of moments estimates of the elasticities of input prices show that (i) Indian banks earned their interest and total revenue under monopolistic competition throughout the whole of the sample period and (ii) the global financial crisis altered the competitive conditions in the banking industry, and market moved closer to perfect competition following the financial crisis, especially when interest-bearing activities were in focus.     

中国证券商的业务竞争与创新发展势态

本文分析了开放条件下我国证券业经营竞争环境的变化，并从6个方面分析了中国证券商业务创新的发展势态。（1）证券业分类管理制度使证券商的经营规模发生变化；（2）证券发行与承销方式的改革深化了证券业内的服务竞争；（3）证券网络化交易的快速发展完善了交易清算的服务管理模式；（4）交易佣金制度的改革将使证券业的结构调整得到不断优化；（5）投资基金业务与投资组合的多样化对基金经理行为的监管提出了新的要求；（6）中国放宽市场准入条件的同时必须完善制度创新与管理创新。     

高科技产业新产品定价策略研究——基于系统动力学

新产品的开发对于高科技产业来说日趋重要，需要不断的努力和巨大的市场意识，系统的价格监测对于分割市场和合理配置资源具有很重要的意义，企业应该认真考虑以确定最优定价策略。本文在不同竞争环境下建立了不同定价策略对企业综合影响的系统动力学模型，在对模型模拟分析的基础上，研究了不同定价策略对企业的影响。结果表明，高科技产业新产品采用撇脂定价策略相对于渗透定价策略具有更大的优越性，并根据企业实际的定价能力，适当地延长撇脂时间和增大撇脂价格可以带来更大的经济效益。     

网络视角下战略性新兴产业技术创新小生境演化研究

运用生态学小生境理论分析新兴技术演化和产业技术创新问题是当前的研究焦点。基于网络视角,通过引入期望机制、力量机制和知识机制3个指标维度,将技术创新小生境划分为缺失期、萌发期、胚胎期、原型期、成长期和成熟期6个演化阶段。选取我国内地27个省市自治区新能源汽车产业相关数据,采用社会网络分析法进行实证分析。在确定各地区技术创新小生境演化阶段的同时,归纳出3种技术创新小生境模式,分别为关键技术主导型、科技孵化支撑型和集成创新驱动型。通过进一步对核心技术演化过程进行分析,发现主导、竞争、共生构成了核心技术演化态势。最后,提出了完善自我保护机制、构建协同共生模式和优化创新生存因子的相关政策与建议。     

提高河南农业国际竞争力的思考与对策

河南农业面对国际市场竞争的严重挑战，比较劣势与比较优势并存。要提高河南农业的国际竞争力，应从改革现行农业管理体制，按比例优势原则调整农业产业结构着手。     

汇丰银行竞争性合作的启示

银行同业的关系已经由单纯的对抗性抗争发展到竞争性合作，英国汇丰集团作为金融界的巨头之一，其采取的竞争性合作战略在其发展壮大中起了重要作用。文章认为，在收购兼并中发展壮大是其竞争性合作的结果，提供金融化的金融服务是其合作优势的体现，全球化的资本运营是其银证合作的成功，这些都对国有商业银行的改革与发展有重要的参考价值．     

A new approach to measuring competition in the loan markets of the euro area

This article is the first that applies a new measure of competition, the Boone indicator, to the banking industry. This approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well-known measures of competition can consider the entire banking market only. Like most other model-based measures, this approach ignores differences in bank product quality and design, as well as the attractiveness of innovations. We measure competition on the lending markets in the five major EU countries as well as, for comparison, the UK, the US and Japan. Our findings indicate that over the period 1994–2004 the US had the most competitive loan market, whereas overall loan markets in Germany and Spain were among the best competitive in the EU. The Netherlands occupied a more intermediate position, whereas in Italy competition declined significantly over time. The French, Japanese and UK loan markets were generally less competitive.     

The late take-off phenomenon in the diffusion of telecommunication services: network effect and the critical mass

Telecommunication services are distinctive in that their adoptions are influenced by network effect resulting in the late take-off phenomenon and the critical mass problem. In this paper we examined the late take-off phenomenon in the diffusion process of telecommunication services. We first compared the parameters of the diffusion process of consumer durables with those of fax services in the US and Korea. By analyzing the parameters of a new diffusion model based on the threshold model proposed by Markus, we found that the late take-off phenomenon resulted from the low heterogeneity of the threshold distribution for the potential adopters. A simulation approach was proposed for the theoretical implication of the critical mass problem in the start-up telecommunications services.     

The use of data envelopment analysis for the detection of price above the competitive level

Economic theory can predict the impact of exogenous influences on the equilibrium prices in a market. However, it is difficult to measure the magnitude of such effects because the appropriate data are usually not available. In this paper a new approach to comparing prices is explored using individual firm data which are typically available. If the firms in different markets can be assumed to use the same technology, price differentials can be inferred from the estimates can be assumed to use the same technology, price differentials can be inferred from the estimates of best practice frontiers. The new approach is applied to data on the Swiss construction industry in different cantons. In some cantons the market can be said to be competitive, in others non-competitive procurement rules are expected to raise equilibrium prices. The data envelopment analysis estimates the price differential to be approximately equal to 7.5%.Helpful criticism from participants of a seminar at the Business Institute of the University of Vienna are gratefully acknowledged.     

Technology and the services sector: The hidden competitive challenge

Information technology has always played an important role in the services sector of the U.S. economy. In recent years, however, services industries have stepped up their acquisitions of computers, telecommunications equipment, and other such products dramatically. As a result, the broad segment of the economy that can be classified as services providers now owns about 84% of the total U.S. stock of information technology items. Moreover, relative to goods-producing industries, a much larger proportion of the services sector's capital budgets is spent on information technology, revealing a significantly greater dependence by services on such technology as a factor of production. This reliance underscores technology's strategic importance in the United States' competitive challenge. With services now the predominant mode of economic activity in the United States, a productivity payback from information technology is absolutely essential to keep the economy on a longer term path of sustainable growth.So far, the services sector has little to show for its spending binge on technology. Quite simply, massive investments in information technology have failed to boost national productivity growth in the present decade. Furthermore, with manufacturing productivity now on the rebound, problems in the services sector loom increasingly large in the United States' broader competitive struggle. It is certainly not too late. New and creative applications of information technology could still enhance the productivity performance of the services sector's predominantly white-collar work force. Until that payback begins to occur, however, the role of technology spending will be under growing suspicion [3, 8, 9].In what follows, an attempt is made to provide a detailed industry-by-industry assessment of services sector spending on information technology. By way of background, the broad contours of capital formation in services industries are first examined over the post-World War II era.     

我国风机制造业竞争力强度研究——基于景气指数分析法

利用景气指数分析法并结合扩散指数研究了2003—2009年我国风机制造业竞争力强度。得出结论:我国风机制造业已结束混乱竞争局面,正逐步走向但还没有达到有序竞争阶段,产业步入成长期。     

产业融合、产业集聚与区域产业竞争优势提升

产业融合与产业集聚是现代产业发展的新特征和趋势,是影响产业竞争优势的重要变量,研究湖北省产业发展所处的融合、集聚状态及其对产业竞争优势的影响,对于制定适应产业发展要求,提升产业竞争优势的有关政策,具有重要指导和借鉴价值。运用投入产出分析方法对湖北省先进制造业与电子信息业、现代服务业的产业融合态势进行测算,采用区位熵对湖北省先进制造业等产业集聚状态进行测度,利用多元线性回归模型实证分析产业融合、产业集聚对先进制造业竞争优势提升的贡献。结果表明,湖北省处于融合非集聚状态,产业融合对提升产业竞争优势具有一定促进作用;产业集聚度低,不仅制约了湖北省产业竞争优势的提升,还挤出了产业融合的竞争优势提升效应。