烟草行业体制改革与正确对待利益调整

近年来,烟草行业经历了多次的体制改革,如何有效化解改革中各利益集团的矛盾,成了体制改革成败的一个关键。文章从烟草行业实际出发,在分析烟草行业体制改革的原因以及所带来的具体利益的调整的基础上,论述了如何正确对待利益的调整。     

Poland: the reform of the pension system

The paper presents the system of social security provision introduced in Poland after World War II and discusses the demographic, political and economic reasons for its failure, as well as its impact on the Polish economy. The proposed reform scenarios from two major political proponents, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, are described. The recently finalised reform proposal is now being introduced, starting with the Polish Parliament (Sejm) passing a package of three acts concerning the split of the current pay-as-you-go single system into a pillar system, with provisions made for a transition period. The paper outlines the proposed changes, including the new role of the Social Security Institution (ZUS) in Poland, the structure of the first pillar of benefits and the opportunities for private companies to participate in the social security provision through the second and third pillars.     

中国单位制度社会功能的变迁

单位制度在中国解放后建立,实现了较强的社会功能,它不仅成为国家进行社会调控和整合的工具,还有效缓解了建国初期城市就业压力,提供了社会福利保障,并塑造了计划体制下中国城市的基本结构特征.随着市场经济改革的深入,传统单位制度发生了深刻的变化,单位制度的许多社会功能也逐渐被剥离或弱化.分析了传统单位制度的社会功能,以及在制度改革后的社会转型期这些社会功能是如何由新的制度来完成的.从这些制度改革存在的问题中可看出,单位制度的影响仍然存在,改革应该借鉴传统的单位制度,寻找新的途径来完成对中国城市社会的管理.     

关于我国控制性详细规划问题与改革的再思考——基于一个规划选址案例的分析

控制性详细规划是我国城市土地开发控制的直接法定依据.然而,由于社会经济发展过程中各种不确定性因素的影响,控规在我国城市建设中并没有起到预期的作用.基于一个规划选址案例的分析,进一步探讨了控制性详细规划所面临的“刚性”与“弹性”的根本矛盾,并从控规编制内容和方法、控规编制和实施体制等方面提出了相应的对策建议,其中,特殊发...     

浅谈如何强化财务管理

随着改革的进一步推进和实行新的会计制度,财务管理工作如何适应当前改革的需要,如何正确运用新的会计制度对资金进行核算,已经摆在我们每个财会工作者的面前。因此,强化财务管理工作十分重要。     

国华沧电二期超临界机组锅炉MFT系统可靠性分析

锅炉MFT是在锅炉发生设备故障或运行故障时,对锅炉主设备进行保护的手段,是FSSS系统中最重要的安全功能。结合河北国华沧东发电有限责任公司二期工程660MW超临界机组燃烧系统主、辅设备及分散控制系统的特点,本文对锅炉MFT系统从控制逻辑的设计、主保护信号的设置、硬接线回路的设计等方面进行了全面的可靠性分析,并总结了运行实践中对MFT系统的一些改进,最大限度地提高了锅炉运行的安全性和可靠性。     

电梯电气系统故障分析与检测

对电梯电气系统进行了简要介绍;分析了电梯电气系统常见的保险丝事故、接触与断路器事故、轿门厅门连锁开关事故、缓冲器开关及地坑急停开关事故、冲顶或蹾底事故等五类事故的原因;给出了常见的短路故障检测法与断路故障检测法;并提出了四种电气故障预防措施。     

谈内部控制评价体系的建立与完善

改革开放以来,我国仅用短短30年时间就超越了发达国家花了上百年时间才获得的经济快速增长速度,并且成为世界第二大经济体。文章认为,这一切成就得益于我们引进、消化和吸收了发达国家创造发明的科学管理体制,而内部控制评价体系的建立与完善就是其表现之一。     

Periodical Replacement Model for a Multi-Unit System Subject to Failure Rate Interaction

A periodical replacement model for a multi-unit system subject to failure rate interaction between units is presented. In a N-unit system, one is dominant unit and the others are secondary units. When a secondary unit fails, it increases the failure rate of the dominant unit by some amount, while the failure of dominant unit make the system into total failure. Without failure rate interaction, the failure rates of all units also increase with age. All single failures of secondary units are assumed to be corrected by minimal repairs. The system is replaced at age T, or on total failure, whichever occurs first. The aim of this paper is to derive the expected cost rate per unit time as a criterion of optimality and to seek the optimal period T ^* to minimize that cost rate.     

对现代建筑企业分配制度的思考

分配制度是现代企业管理制度中的一项十分重要的内容,它深刻影响着企业激励制度的创立,影响着企业的稳定和发展,影响着企业各级层人员的生存质量。文章在指出深化企业分配制度改革必要性的基础上,提出了深化企业分配制度改革的原则,同时也提出了建筑企业分配制度改革中存在的问题。     

审计失灵:国家审计"负绩效"的根源

审计失灵是国家审计绩效低下的深层原因,审计失灵存在着制度根源与社会基础.要解决审计失灵问题,可以采用审计独立制度、职业准入制度和效率监察制度等制度改革的治理方案.     

浅论公交企业薪酬制度

在知识经济、信息经济全面发展的21世纪,合理的薪酬制度对激发公交企业人力资本的潜能具有特别重要的意义,文章就公交企业改制过程中旧有的薪酬制度对公交企业人力资本潜能发挥的束缚进行了阐述,并提出了解决这些问题的对策和建议,对公交企业改制进行了有益的探讨。     

CHINESE EXPERIENCE IN THE INTRODUCTION OF A MARKET MECHANISM INTO A PLANNED ECONOMY: THE ROLE OF PRICING

Abstract. A brief review is first presented of the changes in pricing institutions in China since 1949, with particular emphasis on the shift from an equilibrium price system to a distorted price system. The authors argue that distorted prices are harmful to economic growth even in a planned economy, since even an experienced economic planner can never escape from the full implications of a distorted price system. Examples are given showing the detrimental results of such a system. The central point of China's economic reform is the extension of decision-making power to enterprises and the introduction of a market mechanism so as to improve microeconomic efficiency. But such a goal cannot easily be achieved due to the false information provided by the distorted price system. So price adjustment becomes an issue of primary importance, and the authors discuss the difficulties for price adjustment posed by various interest groups.     

新一轮征地制度改革反思

现行征地制度亟待改革,这是决策界和理论界的共识,但到底应如何进行改革,却颇有争议.首先分析了新一轮征地制度改革的路线之争,并遗憾地指出:现在的改革思路具有某种不彻底性.在对不彻底的改革思路导引下的改革现实进行全景式扫描的基础上,分析了征地制度现实改革存在的三个严重问题.最后,提出了对新一轮征地制度改革的建议.     

医院药库物流信息化管理系统的构建及应用效果

随着国家新医改政策的出台与实施,势必对现有的医疗体制模式进行新的改进,给医院带来深远的影响,同时也给医院的发展带来了前所未有的机遇。一些医院药库系统还停留在传统的运营模式,还未充分意识到药库系统物流信息化的重要性。为此,医院必须构建药库物流信息化管理系统,以确保入库药品信息的准确以及入库药品的质量,保障医院用药安全,提高药库工作效率,以促进医院在竞争中可持续发展。     

事业单位养老保险制度的改革与创新

本文通过对我国目前事业单位养老保险制度的现状进行介绍,就目前事业单位养老保险制度中存在的问题进行全面系统的分析,从而建立科学合理的改革创新方案。     

FULL OF EASTERN PROMISE - UNDERSTANDING HOUSING PRIVATIZATION IN POST-SOCIALIST COUNTRIES

In a period of economic transition, many commentators have identified the inefficiencies, distortions and inequalities which exist in the housing system of post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. These structural flaws are deemed to be incompatible with the adoption of free market principles and economic liberalization. For economic and political reasons the reform of the housing system has become a necessary and indispensable element of the market reform process. This paper contributes to the growing debate on the context in which housing reform and housing privatization programs have been adopted in Europe's post-socialist economies. The paper goes on to argue that the introduction of housing privatization and the preoccupation with owner-occupation has not been based on any overall assessment of what has occurred elsewhere in western Europe or on the experience of housing provision in other advanced western capitalist countries. The economically driven orthodox approach towards privatization and the way this has been translated into the housing system of post-socialist countries raises important policy questions on the longer term viability of housing provision and the creation of a sustainable housing system.     

承包制,该何去何从

HC重工集团在M市港口建设设备项目的竞标中,意外地输给了黑马AT集团.痛定思痛,HC集团的唐总发现失败的根源既不是技术问题、也不是产品问题,矛头直指推动企业快速发展的承包制.企业文化变革的失效是否也同现行的承包制产生抵触?技术和市场的脱节问题也是承包制引起的么?当HC集团成为一个百亿量级的重工企业之时,管理体制的变革是...     

Contagion risk in the Czech financial system: A network analysis and simulation approach

This paper examines the potential for contagion within the Czech banking system via the channel of interbank exposures of domestic banks, enriched by a liquidity channel and an asset price channel, over the period March 2007 to June 2012. A computational model is used to assess the resilience of the Czech banking system to interbank contagion, taking into account the size and structure of interbank exposures as well as balance sheet and regulatory characteristics of individual banks in the network. The simulation results suggest that the potential for contagion due to credit losses on interbank exposures was rather limited. Even after the introduction of a liquidity condition into the simulations, the average contagion was below 3.8% of the remaining banking sector assets, with the exception of the period from December 2007 to September 2008. Activation of the asset price channel further increases the losses due to interbank contagion, showing that the liquidity of government bonds would be essential for the stability of Czech banks in stress situations. Finally, the simulation results for both idiosyncratic and multiple bank failure shocks suggest that the potential for contagion in the Czech banking system has decreased since the onset of the global financial crisis.     

突破体制约束 走集约型城市化道路--兼论顺德市城市现代化中的农村体制改革

文章认为 ,制约中国城市化集约进程的主要因素是体制约束。因此 ,彻底突破旧体制的约束成为加快城市化集约进程的关键。作者结合广东顺德市的实践总结得出 ,尽快改革现行的户籍管理制度 ;对农村经济结构、运行机制和管理方式等方面进行战略性调整 ;加大投资体制改革力度 ,拓宽城建融资渠道 ;通过区域重组和调整行政区划等手段加大区域建制改革力度 ;建立与市场经济和城市化发展要求相适应的、覆盖面广的社会保障体系等是出路所在。