产品市场扭曲对居民消费潜力的影响研究——基于制造业数字化转型视角

随着统一大市场的加速构建，培育一个具有良好竞争环境的“内循环”消费市场是实现中国经济平稳复苏的有效途径。基于2001—2015年中国工业企业数据库，结合地区投入产出表匹配数据，以制造业数字化转型视角深入探究由区域市场势力引致的产品市场扭曲对居民消费潜力的影响。研究发现：(1)产品市场扭曲对居民消费潜力存在显著的抑制作用，主要通过加剧价格波动、降低产品质量、缩减供给规模、减少劳动收入四条途径抑制居民消费潜力；(2)数字化转型的调节效应显著弱化了产品市场扭曲对居民消费潜力的抑制作用，其中，产业互联网相对于其他维度的数字化转型表现出更强的调节效应；(3)考虑产品类别、行业及地区异质性发现，对于基础型和普通品质产品、资本密集和低竞争度行业、城镇和西部地区，数字化转型更能显著缓解产品市场扭曲对居民消费潜力的抑制作用。研究结论为优化市场供给环境，推进数字化转型，实现消费潜力有效释放提供了产业层面的证据和决策依据。     

Beyond mobile number portability: measuring consumer preferences for service portability in Japan's mobile phone market

Japan's mobile phone market has been oligopolized by three incumbents who are seeking vertically integrated business models, which may prevent competitors from using platform layers to provide original services. We conduct two types of conjoint analysis to measure consumer stated preferences and draw two main conclusions from the analyses. First, the average consumer is willing to pay more than JPY 2000 (US $20) to increase mobile service portability. Second, the average consumer's willingness to pay corresponds to JPY 100–200 (US $1–2) per song for securing music download platforms. A dilemma exists in consumer preferences for service portability in Japan's mobile phone market, namely the choice between free mobile service portability and convenient music download platforms.     

我国手机回收结构特征及其科技政策内涵分析——基于技术产品生命周期的视角

废旧手机回收构成电子废弃物回收政策研究的新课题。在我国,手机生命周期的相关企业中,手机维修商和二手手机商回收贡献突出,而手机厂商和手机拆解商贡献不足,形成了"橄榄型"结构特征。这种"橄榄型"结构凸显支撑我国废旧手机回收的科技政策乃至电子废弃物回收科技政策,应该区别于发达国家,应该节约资源与治理环境并重,应该重点促进旧手机等旧物回收再利用技术的创新和扩散。     

中国数字经济产出的空间关联网络结构与影响因素研究

基于2007—2017年中国区域投入产出数据,使用修正的引力模型测算与识别中国数字经济产出的空间关联,并运用社会网络分析方法(SNA)及二次指派程序(QAP)对中国数字经济增长的空间特征及影响因素进行实证分析.研究发现:样本期内,中国数字经济产出空间关联整体网络"中心-外围"结构稳定,并呈现出密度提升、关联程度提高的趋势.根据不同省市在关联网络中的位置,可将整体网络划分为双向溢出、净溢出、净收益与经济人四大板块.数字经济产出空间关联受消费水平、产业结构、数字基础设施、数字治理水平、开放水平、移动端数字设备相对差异等因素的影响.     

协同创新网络成员关系对企业协同创新绩效的影响——以生物制药产业为例

利用209家生物制药企业协同创新现状的调查数据,验证了企业在协同创新网络中的关系数量、关系结构、关系强度及成员间信任度对其协同创新绩效的影响。结果表明:大学及研究机构无论在关系数量还是在关系强度方面对企业协同创新绩效的影响都是最为显著的;生物制药企业需要加强与供应商、中介机构和同行业企业的网络联系,并重视提高与政府、金融机构及行业内外其他企业的联系频率;在网络结构方面,企业应着重成为大学、研究机构、同行业企业、客户及金融机构的中心,并加强对大学、研究机构、行业内外企业、中介机构、政府和金融机构等创新主体的依赖性;合作通过企业介绍的数量主要影响绩效中的技术标准制定,企业与客户间相互信任也对企业技术标准制定产生正向影响。     

Japan and Asian Monetary Regionalisation: Cultivating a New Regional Leadership after the Asian Financial Crisis

The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 left many marks in the political economy of Asia, among which is the (re)emergence of Japan's interest in taking a leadership role in defining and strengthening regional monetary cooperation. Japan's new interest stems from its perspective on the causes of, and appropriate solutions to, the Asian crisis, especially in contrast to US-IMF views and responses which directly challenged Japan's economic and ideological interests in the regional economy. A journey to regional monetary leadership for Japan has just started, and it is not going to be an easy one. Much of the fate of Japan's regional monetary leadership hinges on whether or not Japan succeeds in cultivating a constituency among Asian members for its initiatives.     

数字普惠金融、知识产权保护与企业创新

加快实施创新驱动发展战略已成为社会各界重点关注的议题。本文将数字普惠金融、知识产权保护与企业创新置于同一框架下进行分析,研究发现：数字普惠金融与知识产权保护均有利于促进企业创新;知识产权保护对数字普惠金融与企业创新的关系具有负向调节作用。进一步分析发现：数字普惠金融主要通过降低信息不对称、融资约束与财务风险来促进企业创新;数字普惠金融的创新激励作用有利于提高企业的产品与资本市场表现、促进地区经济增长;异质性检验发现,知识产权保护对数字普惠金融与企业创新的调节作用具有“规模效应”“融资依赖效应”和“阶段效应”。研究结论不仅丰富了企业创新的相关文献,还为完善金融监管体系、优化知识产权环境提供了有益启示。     

Narrowing the gender digital divide in Pakistan: Mobile phone ownership and female labor force participation

The unprecedented growth in access to mobile phones and smartphones has opened up new possibilities in the way people live and work. However, women in developing countries are unable to take advantage of this growth due to certain factors and socio-cultural norms that give rise to the gender digital divide. In this study, using the nationally representative Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (2019–2020), we investigate the gender and rural–urban (female) digital divide in a country with one of the most considerable digital divides. Furthermore, we employ an instrumental variable approach to study the effect of mobile or smartphone ownership on female labor force participation. The results indicate that institutional and sociocultural norms explain most of the ownership gap of mobile or smartphones between men and women. The instrumental variable approach demonstrates that mobile or smartphone ownership increases the participation of women in the labor force. We also find that the differences between observable characteristics, especially literacy and education, explain the rural–urban digital divide among females. Considering the importance of mobile or smartphone ownership in facilitating women's labor supply decisions, providing women with digital tools and upskilling them has wider implications for their economic well-being.     

Is Downward Wage Flexibility the Primary Factor of Japan's Prolonged Deflation?

By using both macro‐ and micro‐level data, this paper investigates how wages and prices evolved during Japan's lost two decades. We find that downward nominal wage rigidity was present in Japan until the late 1990s, but disappeared after 1998 as annual wages became downwardly flexible. Moreover, nominal wage flexibility may have contributed to Japan's relatively low unemployment rates. Although macro‐level movements in nominal wages and prices seemed to be synchronized, such synchronicity is not observed at the industry level. Therefore, wage deflation does not seem to be a primary factor of Japan's prolonged deflation.     

Functionality development dynamism in a diffusion trajectory: A case of Japan's mobile phones development

While it is generally accepted that Information Technology (IT) has a self-propagating function which ensures that the more widespread its use, the greater its functionality, its emerging dynamism remains a black box.This paper attempts to shed some light on this dynamism through utilizing monthly trend data for the number of Japan's mobile phone subscribers over the last 12 years. A bi-logistic growth model demonstrating the diffusion trajectory initiated by both generations of mobile phones was constructed, with the goal of identifying the increase in the functionality development in the transition from traditional mobile phones with a simple communication function (1st wave mobile phone) to mobile phones with an Internet protocol function (2nd wave mobile phone).Through an empirical analysis utilizing the bi-logistic growth model, it was determined that the 2nd wave mobile phone emerged at an earlier stage of diffusion trajectory than the 1st stage mobile phone, which enabled a sustainable functionality development in Japan's mobile phones over the decade.Factors governing a dramatic decrease in mobile phones prices were analyzed, utilizing the result of the measurement of functionality development. This led to the discovery that while an increase in functionality development enhanced the price of mobile phones, this increase accelerated self-propagating diffusion, thereby enabling a dramatic reduction in prices through the effects of learning exercise and economies of scale.Based on the foregoing findings, the driving forces of self-propagating functionality development were analyzed, and it was determined that effective utilization of potential resources in innovation (e.g., assimilation of spillover technology and learning effects) is the key driving forces behind self-propagating functionality development.     

ADAPTIVE LEARNING AND MONETARY POLICY IN AN OPEN ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM JAPAN

Abstract. Motivated by Japan's economic experiences in recent decades, we incorporate adaptive learning into an open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to examine the volatility and welfare impact of alternative monetary policies. Comparing four Taylor‐styled policy rules that reflect Japan's monetary policy debates, we first show that imperfect knowledge and the associated learning process induce higher volatility in the economy and that explicit exchange rate stabilization is unwarranted. Moreover, contrary to results under the rational expectation paradigm, we find that while tight inflation controls raise output volatility, they can improve overall welfare under learning by smoothing inflation fluctuations.     

基于BD-GIS耦合模型的北京奥林匹克 森林公园景观优化策略研究

随着城市人口的增加和人们健康意识的增强,近年 来城市公园的使用率呈现迅速上升趋势。手机等智能电子设备 的高速发展,使人们可以在户外运动中监测自身活动轨迹、距 离和能量消耗等。以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例,通过手机 信令、微博、百度POI等大数据与GIS技术结合,构建依托大 数据的GIS耦合模型,从游人的行为需求出发对公园的慢跑游 线、景点热度、游人空间分布等进行使用后量化评价,并针对 问题提出北京奥林匹克森林公园的景观优化策略。结果显示大 数据与GIS的结合可以为公园的景观优化提供客观且理性的整 改依据,从而更科学地指导城市公园的景观提升。     

Not all international monetary shocks are alike for the Japanese economy

This paper examines the influence of monetary aggregates shocks in the U.S., China and the Euro area on Japan. China's monetary expansion has significant effects on Japan's economy that are quite different from those of the U.S. and Euro area. In line with the implications of the Mundell–Fleming model when there are capital controls in place, Chinese monetary expansion is found to primarily affect Japan through trade. The income absorption effect of China's monetary expansion is substantial for Japan. China's monetary expansion results in significant increases in Japan's industrial production, exports and inflation, and decreases in the trade-weighted yen. After 24 months, monetary shocks in China forecast 20% of the variation in Japan's real trade balance. In contrast, U.S. monetary expansion results in contraction in Japan's industrial production, exports and trade balance (expenditure-switching). Monetary expansion in the Euro area does not significantly affect Japan. Structural vector error correction models and a factor-augmented model are estimated to establish robustness of results.     

数字普惠金融对高技术制造业创新韧性的影响——基于系统GMM与门槛效应的检验

基于2011—2019年中国内地30个省份面板数据,运用系统GMM和门槛效应模型,检验数字普惠金融对高技术制造业创新韧性的影响以及消费升级和研发投入强度的门槛效应。结果表明,数字普惠金融及其覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度均对高技术制造业创新韧性具有显著正向影响;消费升级、研发投入强度分别在数字普惠金融对高技术制造业创新韧性的影响中表现出单一门槛效应和双重门槛效应。进一步的地区异质性研究发现,数字普惠金融仅对中西部地区高技术制造业创新韧性起到提升作用,消费升级在东部和中西部地区分别表现出双重门槛效应与单一门槛效应,研发投入强度在东部和中西部地区均表现出单一门槛效应。研究结果有助于丰富数字普惠金融应用于高技术制造业相关研究,为高技术制造业利用数字普惠金融提升创新韧性提供实践启示。     

Micro Price Dynamics during Japan's Lost Decades

We study micro price dynamics and their macroeconomic implications using daily scanner data from 1988 to 2013. We provide five facts. First, posted prices in Japan are ten times as flexible as those in the US scanner data. Second, regular prices are almost as flexible as those in the USA and Euro area. Third, the heterogeneity of frequency and size of price change across products is sizable and maintained throughout the sample period. Fourth, during Japan's lost decades, temporary sales have played an increasingly important role in households' consumption expenditure. Fifth, the frequency of upward regular price revisions and the frequency of sales are significantly correlated with the macroeconomic environment, in particular indicators associated with a labor market, while other components of price changes are not.     

Conjoint and WTP analyses of future mobile phones for digital convergence

Digital convergence for mobile phones is a hot issue. This study considers future development of mobile phones with a view toward consumers' usage and the amount they are willing to pay. In order to select preferable convergence technology, we utilize convergence concepts such as absorption, blending, and combination. The result of conjoint analysis shows that a preference for convergence technology will involve computing, media, navigation, and imaging. However, only the computing attribute increases consumers' willingness to pay. Our study results contribute to product planning and commercialization of innovative mobile phones.     

员工-顾客认同、互动式替代学习与服务创新的机制研究

知识与技术的快速迭代,使得服务业企业进行服务创新的挑战更加艰巨,员工对知识与技术类操作性资源的应用能力起到关键作用。基于社会网络理论与知识基础观理论构建研究知识密集型服务业企业服务创新的微观路径,对322个服务业企业问卷调查进行实证分析。研究结果表明员工-顾客认同对员工服务创新有正向影响,并可以通过员工的互动式替代学习影响服务创新;知识治理对员工-顾客认同与互动式替代学习的关系具有显著的调节效应。     

Aging,Savings, and Public Pensions in Japan*

We analyze the impact of population aging on Japan's household savings rate and on its public pension system and the impact of that system on Japan's household savings rate and obtain the following results: first, the age structure of Japan's population can explain the level of, and past and future trends in, its household savings rate; second, the rapid aging of Japan's population is causing Japan's household savings rate to decline and this decline can be expected to continue; third, the pay‐as‐you‐go nature of the public pension system, combined with rapid population aging, created considerable intergenerational inequities and increased the savings rates of cohorts born after 1965, which in turn slowed the decline in Japan's household savings rate; and fourth, the 2004 public pension reform alleviated the intergenerational inequities of Japan's public pension system somewhat but will in the long run exacerbate the downward trend in Japan's household savings rate.     

Explaining Japan's Unproductive Two Decades

Using industry‐ and micro‐level data, this paper examines why Japan's productivity growth has been slow for such a long time and how it can be accelerated in the future. Japan's capital–gross domestic product ratio continued to increase after 1991, and this increase in the capital–gross domestic product ratio must have contributed to the decline in the rate of return on capital in Japan by decreasing the marginal productivity of capital. On the other hand, Japan's accumulation of information and communication technology capital and intangible investment was very slow. Compared with large firms, which enjoyed an acceleration in the total factor productivity growth in recent years, Japanese small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises were left behind in information and communication technology capital and intangible investment, and their productivity growth has been very low. Furthermore, as large firms expanded their supply chains globally and relocated their factories abroad, research and development spillovers from large firms to small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises seem to have declined.